Context-Based Virtual Assistant Conversations

ABSTRACT

A virtual assistant may communicate with a user in a conversational manner based on context. For instances, a virtual assistant may be presented to a user to enable a conversation between the virtual assistant and the user. A response to user input that is received during the conversation may be determined based on contextual values related to the conversation or system that implements the virtual assistant.

BACKGROUND

Creating and maintaining knowledge bases that are used for various projects can be a time consuming task. In the past, a great deal of human effort has been required to create and maintain knowledge bases in terms of developing, debugging and maintaining such knowledge bases. Errors that present themselves in a knowledge base can often cascade or grow when such knowledge bases are deployed and used by various applications. Thus, an important consideration in knowledge base development concerns accurately developing and deploying the knowledge base.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Various embodiments provide a tool, referred to herein as “Active Lab” that can be used to develop, debug, and maintain knowledge bases. These knowledge bases (KBs) can then engage various applications, technology, and communications protocols for the purpose of task automation, real time alerting, system integration, knowledge acquisition, and various forms of peer influence.

In at least some embodiments, a KB is used as a virtual assistant that any real person can interact with using their own natural language. The KB can then respond and react however the user wants: answering questions, activating applications, or responding to actions on a web page.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features.

FIG. 1 illustrates a situation group in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a concept group in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates a vocab group in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 4-135 illustrate user interfaces in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 136 illustrates an example system in accordance with one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

Various embodiments provide a tool, referred to herein as “Active Lab” that can be used to develop, debug, and maintain knowledge bases. These knowledge bases (KBs) can then engage various applications, technology, and communications protocols for the purpose of task automation, real time alerting, system integration, knowledge acquisition, and various forms of peer influence.

In at least some embodiments, a KB is used as a virtual assistant that any real person can interact with using their own natural language. The KB can then respond and react however the user wants: answering questions, activating applications, or responding to actions on a web page.

In the discussion that follows, various terminology will be used. The following glossary is provided to assist the reader in the discussion that follows:

Agent: Agents are entities programmed to respond to inputs in a pre-determined fashion. They are often used to mimic a human consciousness.

AppCalls: AppCalls are Unit responses that perform application operations instead of simply generating a text response.

Building Blocks: Building Blocks are sets of vocabulary or Concepts, often used to group together terms and Concepts that can be associated with one another, but are not always synonymous.

Cascade: Cascades are graphical representations of the load order and match type of vocabulary, Concepts, and Units within the database.

Concepts: Concepts serve as the bricks of Units. As such, they are composed of Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, and Wild Cards arranged in specific input patterns that trigger the Concept's activation.

Context IQ Engine, the: The Context IQ Engine is essentially the algorithm that tracks and processes user inputs.

Data Mining: Data-mining is the targeted recursion of a set of FPML. After the results for a particular input have been achieved, the remainder of the input is run through a specific cascade, which is a self-sufficient FPML set in its own right.

Dependencies: Dependencies for a Concept or Vocab Term are all those objects which depend upon the aforementioned term or Concept for operation.

Dockable Window: Dockable windows are objects made visible by means of the View menu. These windows can be dragged and dropped at any location on the screen, and may be docked either on the right-hand side of the screen, or the top. When docked, multiple windows can be accessed via tabs.

FPML: A programming language, FPML, short for Functional Presence Mark-up Language is used to govern the behavior of Active Lab projects.

Helper Terms: Helper Terms are words or phrases that are commonly used, but have only one meaning. As such, they are not of sufficient importance to devote separate Vocab Terms and Concepts to them. Helper Terms may be used in both Concepts and Units.

Input Files: Input Files are *.txt files that contain words and/or phrases. They are used in Record Lists and Concepts.

Input Patterns: Input patterns determine the triggering of Concepts and Units. In Concepts, input patterns are composed of Vocab Terms, Wild Cards, and Helper Terms. In Units, input patterns are in turn composed of Concepts and Helper Terms. In both Concepts and Units, input patterns may be configured to trigger only if the input is in a specific order, or by proximity. All Concepts and Units must have at least one input pattern, and many have more than one.

Projects: Projects are the knowledge base storage configuration within the lab.

Situations: Situations are groups of related Units. For instance, a group of Units that all deal with the personality of a project may be grouped together under a personality situation.

Synonyms: Synonyms are words that share the same definition with one another and may be used interchangeably. Linguist's note: This is not entirely true. Many words may have the same definition, but carry different connotations. While they could technically be substituted, doing so would alter the reader's understanding of the sentence.

Test Questions: Test questions are sample inputs that are intended to trigger Units and Concepts. They are generally archetypal in nature, and are used as a guide for input patterns.

Units: Units are composed of Concepts and Helper Terms arranged in input patterns. When those input patterns are triggered, the Unit activates a response, in the form of text or an AppCall.

Units, Nested: Like Units, except that their response is contingent upon another Unit. A nested Unit may only be triggered immediately after its parent Unit has been triggered. This allows for continuity in conversation with the project.

User: The user is the individual human being who operates the software.

Vocab: Short for “Vocabulary,” Vocab Terms form the basis of Concepts, and consist themselves of synonyms.

Wild Cards: Wild Cards function as placeholders within Concepts for any random word or words.

In the discussion that follows, a section entitled

Principles of Active Lab

Knowledge bases (KB) cover the entire scope of a project, including all the information that ActiveAgent uses, along with all of its capabilities. The files themselves are written in a programming language known as FPML (Functional Presence Markup Language), a language similar to XML. This includes master FPML files, optional FPML files, and lex files. For additional information on FPML, the reader is referred to the following U.S. patent applications, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein: Ser. No. 10/839,425 and Ser. No. 11/169,142.

Active Lab is a visual tool (GUI) that allows the user to easily create and maintain a knowledge base without the necessity of knowing the actual FPML code.

The discussion that follows provides some of the principles behind what ActiveAgent can do, and how it works. Instructions for physically putting these Concepts into the lab will come later, along with more advanced uses of each of these principles.

Principles of a Knowledge Base

To begin understanding how to create a knowledge base, we will start with the idea of an input and a response by ActiveAgent. Consider the following input and response:

-   -   Input: How much does it cost to have a savings account?     -   Response: Our savings accounts are free to have, but do require         that you maintain a balance of $300.

Units

First, let's examine the response. The response is a known answer in the knowledge base. When a response is paired together with patterns that will trigger it, it is called a Unit. A group of Units can be categorized into Situation Groups which are similar to folders in Windows®, and are used mainly for organizational purposes due to the large number of responses a KB may have.

Next, we must determine what questions should solicit that response. It turns out there are many different ways to phrase questions, all of which should be taken into account:

-   -   Input:     -   How much does it cost to have a savings account? What's the         price of a savings account?     -   $$ of a savings account?     -   Saving's accounts: cost?     -   Do I have to pay for savings accounts?     -   What are the restrictions of a savings account? Is there a         minimum balance I have to maintain to     -   have a savings account? How much is a savings account?

These questions are then listed with the Unit for the purposes of testing to make sure that when they are asked, this particular response is given.

Concepts

A Concept is a breakdown of the critical ideas in a test question. In the above list of possible questions there seems to be three main themes:

Cost, Savings Account, and Minimum Balance. Notice that not all of these Concepts exist in every possible question. Some questions have the idea of Cost, some Minimum Balance, and all have the Concept of Savings Account. To make a successful Unit, these Concepts are listed within the Unit and paired in such a way that this combination of Concepts is unique within the KB. This is called a Pattern. A Unit may have multiple patterns featuring different combinations of Concepts. For example:

-   -   Cost AND Savings Account=Unit Response     -   Minimum Balance AND Savings Account=Unit Response

Note that a pattern for a Unit includes at least one Concept, however it is not recommended to have more than four Concepts in a pattern. A Concept is made up mostly of Vocab, Helper Terms, and Building Blocks, which are described individually below.

Vocab

A Vocab is a grouping of unambiguous synonyms and misspellings. The name of a particular grouping of synonyms is known as a Vocab Term. Vocab Terms are usually end with the suffix “vocab.”

-   -   AccountVocab         -   Account         -   Accounts         -   Accounts         -   Account's         -   PriceVocab         -   Price         -   Prices         -   Prise         -   Prises         -   Cost         -   Costs         -   Cost's

In the example of PriceVocab, the word cost is included because for this KB the user wants the words price and cost to be synonymous.

Helper Terms

A Helper Term is a word that has no unambiguous synonyms, however functions almost the same way as a Vocab, and mostly consists of conjunctions. Here are some examples of common Helper Terms:

-   -   and     -   is     -   for     -   the

Building Blocks

A Building Block is a list of either Vocab/Helper Terms or a list of Concepts that may be useful categorized together. As an example, consider the following:

-   -   Anatomy (Vocab Building Block):         -   armvocab         -   legvocab         -   headvocab         -   shouldervocab         -   feetvocab

Now that these Vocab Terms are bundled together, they can be used in a Concept pattern. Here is an example use of a Vocab Building Block:

-   -   surgeryvocab AND Anatomy (Building Block)     -   brokenvocab AND myvocab AND Anatomy (Building Block)

In this example, because the Anatomy Building Block contained five Vocab Terms, it turned what would have been ten patterns into two. Also notice that Vocab Terms, which include all the synonyms and misspellings, are also included in this example. As another example, consider the following:

-   -   Types of Accounts (Concept Building Block)         -   Savings Accounts         -   Checking Accounts         -   Money Market Accounts         -   Investment Accounts

This Building Block would then be used to reduce the number of patterns necessary.

Creating Concepts

A Concept is made of patterns of Vocab, Helper Terms, and Building Blocks listed within the Concept. Here are the patterns that would make up the Savings Account Concept:

-   -   savingsvocab AND accountvocab     -   accountvocab AND for AND savingsvocab     -   interestvocab AND bearingvocab AND accountvocab

Notice that the word “for” is a Helper Term and does not end with the suffix “vocab.” In Concepts, two things that are important are Order and Proximity, both of which are optional when creating any given pattern.

If Order is selected, a pattern will only trigger if it is received in that order. For example, a person would have to type in “savings account” to trigger the above example. If a person typed in “account savings” this pattern would not trigger because it is not in the correct order.

If Proximity is selected, a pattern will only trigger if the inputs are received next to each other. For example, a person would have to type in “savings account” to trigger the above example. If a person typed in “savings in my account” the pattern would not trigger because “savings” and “account” were not typed in next to each other.

Note that for most input patterns, it is important to have both Order and Proximity selected. In the above example, “Savings Account” has a very different meaning than “Account Savings” and “Savings in my Account.” Concepts also have their own associated test questions similar to Units for the purposes of testing.

Examples of Savings Account test questions can include:

-   -   Do you have savings accounts at your bank?     -   What's a savings account?     -   Do you have any interest bearing accounts?

The Unit, Concept, and Vocab Relationship

The relationship between these principles can be stated simply:

-   -   Units are made of patterns of Concepts.     -   Concepts are made of patterns of Vocab and Helper Terms.     -   Vocabs are made of lists of synonyms.

The biggest benefit of this system is its flexibility. Once a Vocab has been created, it can be used in any number of Concepts, and once a Concept is created, it can be used in any number of Units. Conversely, any Unit or Concept can have any number of patterns, and the same Vocab or Concept can be used multiple times within each Unit or Concept.

FIGS. 1-3 show a visual representation of the relationship between all of these principles, as well as the ways Helper Terms and Building Blocks can also apply.

In FIG. 1, input patterns for Units can contain any number of combinations of Concepts, Building Blocks, and Helper Terms. The most common input patterns contain combinations of Concepts, with Building Blocks and Helper Terms used less often.

In FIG. 2, input patterns for Concepts can contain any number of combinations of Vocab, Building Blocks, and Helper Terms. The most common input patterns contain combinations of Vocab, with Building Blocks and Helper Terms used less often.

Context IQ Engine

The Context IQ Engine (CIE) is a term used to describe the part of ActiveAgent that actually does the processing of the FPML code written using Active Lab. The CIE has different functions relative to FPML code, and part of Active Lab is determining which functions to use, and in what order.

Cascades

Completing a single process through use of the CIE is known as a cascade. Any numbers of cascades can, and usually do, run every time the FPML is activated.

Here is an example of the simplest set of cascades necessary for a virtual agent:

-   -   Pre-Vocab—a cascade that takes in contractions and outputs         separate words.     -   Vocab—a cascade that takes in all synonyms and outputs Vocab.     -   Post-Vocab—a cascade that takes in separate compound words and         outputs single Vocab words.     -   Concept—a cascade that takes in Vocab, and Helper Terms and         outputs Concepts.     -   Unit—a cascade that takes in Concepts and outputs the response.

In this example, each cascade is necessary for a single person's input to output a response, and can do very different things. The Vocab cascade only does substitution; it inputs words and outputs Vocab. The Concept cascade inputs Vocab and Helper Terms, and then outputs all Concepts that have patterns that include those terms. This is known as Match All because it outputs all matches, not just the most accurate one. The Unit cascade inputs Concepts, but only outputs one response. This is known as a Best Match and is a mathematical calculation done by the Context IQ Engine, with the Unit with the highest scoring pattern giving the response.

Static Files

Static Files are individual FPML files that are written by hand without the help of Active Lab's user interface. The most common files include setups and teardowns, as well as a lex file that handles special cases that Active Lab is currently not set up to handle. These are most commonly established during the initial creation of the project, and usually don't need to be modified during general use.

Common Terms

Within this document, the following terms are important to the proper understanding of Active Lab:

Cascades—A cascade is a layer of FPML processing and is essentially a “mini” fpml runtime contained within a larger runtime. It contains most, if not all, the processing features available to a global runtime, including preprocessing, a specialized lexer, setups and teardowns, chunkers, unit nodes, functions, etc.

Static Files—Static files are .fpml files that remain unchanged, such as lex files.

Input Files—Input files are text files that list various user inputs that can be easily categorized, such as a list of names.

Group—A group is a term that refers to separating similar items into smaller lists for organizational purposes. For example: a Concept Group is a group of similar Concepts.

The following describes some aspects of an Active Lab Family and Concepts:

Component Description Active Lab Develops, edits, and manipulates knowledge bases. Chat Review An application used to review chat logs and make change requests to Active Lab. Approval Manager A web application used to approve changes and change requests for knowledge bases. FPML Database An archive of all the FPML used by the lab and its sundry applications for a given project. This database maybe a SQL Server or PostgreSQL.. Chat Review Database An archive of all chats involving knowledge bases created via Active Lab. Agent Agent is a program that enables the user to place a KB on a website, simulating a human being.

Basics of Active Lab

The following describes the basic components of Active Lab in accordance with one or more embodiments. It also provides directions for getting started with Active Lab.

Components of Active Lab

The main application window has several components that allow access to Active Lab features. The following table describes the main features of the illustrated main application window.

Component Description Dropdown Menu Bar Contains the following dropdown menus: File View Admin Help Tabs The following tabs are found in Active Lab: Tests Chat Review Debugger Concept Editor Unit Editor Editor Main Display Displays currently selected/active tab. Dockable Window display Dockable windows selected from View are displayed here. Status Bar Status of the program is displayed here.

Menu Bar

The menu bar contains four dropdown menus: File, View, Admin, and Help, which include the sub-menus illustrated in FIG. 5 and described in the following table:

Menu Selections File →New project opens a Create New Project window →open project opens a Browse window to select an existing project (*.proj) file. →close project closes currently open project →Force Generate All Fpml Loads all the FPML from the database associated with the open project. →Generate Fpml (Changes Only) Loads only those portions of the FPML database associated with the open project that have been changed. View Each of the selections in the View menu opens the dockable window of the same name. Admin →Application Data opens the Application Editor window. Note: you must have a project loaded in order to use this selection. →Deployment →Deploy Fpml opens the Deploy Fpml window. →configure Deployment opens the Deployment Configuration window. →Deploy to Content Management opens the Deploy to Content Management window. →Generate Deployment Files creates Agent configuration files independent of deployment. Not needed when deploying.  →Fpml Reports →Fpml Statistics creates an Excel spreadsheet that includes percentage passed of all Situation Groups, along with other statistics. →Print Unit Prints all Units and their test questions. →Manage Users opens the Manage Users window. Note: You must have a project loaded in order to use this selection. →Print Status →set Print Status →Test Sets the users print status to  test. →Production Sets the users  print status to production. →View Promotion Suggestions opens the Print Status window. →Project Files opens the Project Files window. →Remove Cached Files From Database removes all FPML files that are cached for local use. →Text To Speech opens the Text-To- Speech File Management window. →View/Edit Load Order opens the Load Order window. Help →About displays version information for the software.

All activity begins with the File menu.

Dockable Windows

The dockable windows are the set of windows normally positioned on the right hand side of Active Lab, with each window differentiated by its own tab at the bottom. All dockable windows are opened and closed via the View menu. They may be docked on either the right side of the screen or the top, or allowed to float freely. When docked, multiple windows can be accessed through their corresponding tabs. The following table describes the components available through the dockable windows feature.

Component Description Building View →Building Blocks opens or closes Blocks the Building Blocks dockable window. This window displays all of the available Building Blocks. Cascades View →cascades opens or closes Cascades. This window displays all the Vocab files, Concepts, and Units in relationship to one another. Change View →change Requests opens or Requests closes Change Requests. This window allows the user to view the change requests made over the duration of the project's existence. Components View →components opens or closes Components. This window allows the user to view and change all the Variables, Functions, AppCalls, and Record Lists that are available for the project. Concepts View →concepts opens or closes Concepts. This window displays all of the Concepts within their respective groups, and allows the user to edit existing Concepts and create new Concepts and Concept Groups. Directives View→Directives opens or closes Directives. This window displays all of the available Units that are the top most Unit in a directive. Dynamic View →Dynamic Functions opens or Functions closes Dynamic Functions. This window displays all the Dynamic Functions associated with the project, and allows the user to create and edit them. Helper View →Helper Terms opens or closes Terms Helper Terms. This window displays all of the available Helper Terms, and allows the user to create and edit Helper Terms. Input Files View →Input Files opens or closes Input Files. This window displays all the input files associated with a given project, and allows the user to create and edit them. Knowledge View →Knowledge Tree opens or closes Tree Knowledge Tree. This window allows the user to create a Knowledge Tree hierarchy to organize Concepts and potential Concepts for personal organization purposes. Lex Types View →Lex Types opens or closes Lex Types. This window allows the user to view the lex types associated with a given project. Resource View →Resource Files opens or closes Files Recourse Files. This window allows the user to view and edit all the resource files, or non FPML files, in the project. Response View →Response Blocks opens or closes Blocks Response Blocks. This window allows the user to view and manipulate Response Blocks. Search View →search Control opens or closes Control Search Control. This window allows the user to search for Units, Concepts, and Vocab by phrase, dependency, and name. Open by Default Static View →static Files opens or closes Static Files Files. This window allows the user to view and manipulate static files. Test View →Test Conditions opens or closes Conditions Test Conditions. This window allows the user to manipulate the value of Variables for the purposes of testing. Unit View →unit Search opens Unit Search. Search This window displays a search view of all Units, and allows the user to search for Unit responses by Concepts. Units View →units opens or closes Units. This window displays all of the available Units, and allows the user to edit existing Units and create new Units. Unprintable View →unprintable Items opens or Items closes Unprintable Items. This window displays those Vocab Terms, Concepts, and Units that are unprintable, either by virtue of being blank, or because of some error. Unused View →unused Items opens or closes Items Unused Items. This window displays items that are in the database but not associated with the open project. Urls View →urls opens or closes Uris. This window displays all of the available URLs, and allows the user to edit, create, and delete URLs. Vocab View →Vocab opens or closes Vocab. This window displays all of the Vocab Terms available in addition to all of their constituent synonyms, and allows the user to edit existing Vocab Terms and create new Vocab Terms. Wild Cards View →Wild Cards opens or closes Wild Cards. This window provides the user with access to Wild Cards. Web Links View →web Links opens or closes Web Links. This window displays all Web Links associated with the project, and allows the user to create and edit them.

Searches

Searches enable users to find Concepts and Units by words occurring within their input patterns and/or responses (as appropriate). This sub-section discusses the components of Search and Unit Search. With respect to FIG. 6, the following describes how search functionality works in accordance with one or more embodiments.

-   -   1. Type in a word or phrase in the Search field of the Search         dockable window.     -   2. Press <Enter> or click <Update>, which will add the phrase         the “Phrases” tree in the main window.     -   3. Repeat steps 1-2 as often as desired.     -   4. Click <Search Now>.     -   5. The results will appear in the top pane, organized by Unit,         Concept, and Vocab.

Search contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. <Edit>: Opens selected item for editing. <Remove from Search>: Deletes selected phrase from search criteria. <Search Now>: Executes search. <Clear All>: Clears all phrases from search. Search Display Displays search phrases, Vocab inside and outside of blocks, Building Blocks, Helper Terms inside and outside of blocks, Concepts inside and outside of blocks. Search Field Type search phrase here. <Update> Adds search phrase to search.

With respect to performing a search, consider the following. Searches in dockable windows only find text that appears in the display names of individual items. Performing a search in a normal dockable window uses the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the dockable window's Search field, type in the desired         text.     -   2. Click         <Search>.     -   3. The results will appear in the display list highlighted in         red.

Searching for text that occurs within the makeup of a Concept or Unit requires the use of Search and Unit Search, respectively.

To run a search for a Concept, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Search, type a phrase in the Search field.     -   2. Click <Update> to add the phrase to the search.     -   3. Repeat steps 1 & 2 as often as desired.     -   4. Ensure that the FPML for the project is up-to-date by         clicking         <Generate FPML>.     -   5. Click         <Search Now> to run the search for all the phrases added to the         search. Search results will appear in the display.

To run a search for a Unit in the Unit Search dockable window, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Unit Search dockable window, type a Concept name into the         Search field. This will add the Concept to the Concepts display.     -   2. Select either <Filter On Patterns> or <Filter On Units>.     -   3. Repeat steps 1 & 2 as often as needed.     -   4. Click         <Search Units Containing Concepts>.     -   5. Results appear in the Search Results display.

To run a search for a Unit in the Unit Search window, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Unit Search, type a Concept name or phrase into the Input         field.     -   2. Select either <Match All> or <Match Any>.     -   3. Repeat steps 1 & 2 as often as needed.     -   4. Click <Search>.     -   5. Results appear in the Units Containing Input Concepts and         Response Concepts displays.

Tabs

Active Lab's main window contains five main tabs, in addition to the dockable windows described above. A brief description of each can be found in the following table.

Tab Description Tests Allows the user to view the status of all the tests in a given project, specifically those for Units and Concepts. From this tab, the user may run all of the tests at once. Debugger Allows the user to interact with the FPML, and to view the causes of errors in Units, Concepts, and Vocab. The debugger also displays match data for Vocab, Concepts, and Units. Concept Editor Provides an interface for building and maintaining Concepts, including test questions, input patterns, and components. Units Editor Provides an interface for building and maintaining Units, including test questions, input patterns, components and responses. Editor Allows the user to create and edit lex files and raw FPML.

Status Bar

The status bar, located at the bottom of the main window, shows the operations currently being undertaken by the program, and the current progress. An example of this is shown in FIG. 7.

The full utility of Active Lab comes when handling knowledge bases (KBs). There are many things to take into consideration when creating a KB, including defining the scope, domain, and terminology surrounding the KB. Conversation directions should also be laid out before creating the KB in Active Lab. Other preparations vary depending on the specific KB. The section below entitled “Project Management” provides additional information in this regard. For information on modifying KBs directly, reference should be made to the sections below entitled “Vocabulary”, “Concepts” and “Units”.

Project Management

Each project represents an FPML knowledge base (KB) storage configuration, which tells lab what databases to use for the KB components, which comprise Units, Concepts, and Vocabulary. Active Lab features many means by which the user can create, edit, view, and manipulate aspects of a project. This section details the configuration of KBs through the file menu options, the file menu, searches, administrating a project, and cascades.

Projects

Projects serve as a collection of configuration information for a KB, enabling the user to manipulate the KB through Active Lab. Each project is connected to a database, where all of its constituent components are stored. Multiple projects can work from the same database.

Create New Project is accessed through the File menu by selecting New Project. This window allows the user to specify the foundational specifications of the project. Create New Project contains two tabs: Project Info, and Chat Review. As an example, consider FIG. 8 which shows an example “Create New Project” Window”. Create New Project contains the following components:

Component Description Tabs The following tabs are provided to allow you to configure the project: Project Info Chat Review <Create Project> Creates a project file with the specified configurations. <Cancel> Closes the window without creating a project.

Project Info allows you to set the basic parameters of the project, including the name of the project, its local file directory, the project's database connection settings, user settings, and web server and subversion servers. Project Info contains the following components:

Component Description Application Name This text field contains the name of the project. Local File This field contains a text field displaying Directory the location on your local machine where the project's FPML files will be stored. <Browse> opens a Browse for Folder window, where you can select the desired Local File Directory. Lex File Source This field contains a text field displaying the location on your local machine where the project's lex file will be stored. <Browse> opens a Browse for Folder window, where you can select the desired Local File Directory. Database Displays the following fields: Connection Database Type: This drop-down list indicates the type of database the project will use: MsSqlServer PostgreSQL Server Name: This text field contains the IP or DNS name of the server housing the database. Database Name: This text field contains the name of the database. User Name: This text field contains the user ID used to connect to the database. Password: This text field contains the password used with the User Name to connect to the database. Web Server Path Will append all Url relative paths with Web Server Path. This means that all Urls without a full path will have the Web Server Path appended to the front of it. Text to Speech File Location of Text-To-Speech files. Share <Create Project> Creates the project <Cancel> Closes the Create New Project window without creating the project.

The Chat Review tab of Create New Project stores the location of Agent Chat Log databases. Chat Review contains the following components:

Component Description Chat Servers This field contains the following: Chat Servers display: List of chat servers connected to Chat Review. <Delete>: Removes Chat Server from list. Add Server This field contains the following: Display Name: This text field contains the name of the chat server.  <Add>: Add new Chat Server Connection String: This text field contains the connection string for the new server. Connection Provider: This drop- down list provides selections for the connection provider of the new server.  Dialect: This drop-down list provides selections for the dialect of the new server. Driver Class: This drop-down list provides selections for the driver class of the new server.

Project Files

The database that the Knowledge Base is created from can have multiple projects associated with it. A project file is a file that can point to either part of or all of the database. When multiple users use identical project files, all those users will be working on the same part of the database (also known as the same project) at the same time.

The Project Files window, accessed from the dropdown →Admin→Project Files, can be used to access all the different projects that have been saved in the database. When a user has already has a project open, this window will be filled out when opened. Clicking <Connect> will display all project files associated with the database. These project files can then be downloaded by highlighting them and clicking <Download>.

Currently, most projects are stored on the same server with identical passwords. This means that if a user has a project open, they can view the project files of a different database simply by changing Database Name field and clicking

<Connect>. With respect to the Project Files window, consider the following in connection with FIG. 10.

Component Description Database to Search  This field has the following components: Server field: Contains the IP address where the database is stored. Defaults to address of the current project. Database Name field: Contains the name of the project. Default to current project. Database User Name field: Contains the name of the user name needed to access the database. Default to current project. Database Password field: Contains the password needed to access the database. Default to current project. Database Type dropdown: Chooses from the available database types: MsSQLServer PostgreSQL <Connect>: Connects to the server and brings up all available projects. Application Field displays the name of the application associated with project selected in Project Files display. Project Files Shows all project files saved on the Display database. There are two icons that will appear: Project File No Project Files Found In Database Download Downloads selected project to a local site.

Application Data

Application data can be viewed by selecting Application Data from the Admin menu. This selection opens up Application Editor, which displays the project name, the version of the project, and the lex file associated with it. Once a project has been opened, you can view and change parts of the configuration through Application Editor, as well as copy projects to and from the database. AS an example, consider the following in connection with FIG. 11. Application Editor has the following components:

Component Description Name Name of the project Version Version of the project. Approval Mode This dropdown sets the approval mode for the project. On Off File Name Name of the associated lex file. This field also contains the following button: <Load File>: This button opens a Browse window to select a lex file for the project. Project File Sets project file to be saved in the database: <Project File is Saved in Database>: check box that shows whether the project file is currently saved in the database. <Upload File>: This button opens a Browse window to select a project file. Chosen project file will be saved to the database as a Project File associated with that database. <Download>: This button opens a Browse window to save the project file to a local location. <Save> Saves changes. <Cancel> Cancels changes.

Manage Users

Selecting Manage Users from the Admin menu opens the Manage Users window, which allows a user to view and edit user information, specifically display name, login name, password, and user type. With respect to Manage Users, consider the following in connection with FIG. 12. Manage Users contains the following components:

Component Description Edit User This field contains the following: User Login: Login name of selected user. Display Name: Display name of selected user. Password: Selected user's password. <Change>: Changes selected user's password. User Type: Drop-down list selects user's type. <Save>: Saves changes to selected user's properties. <Cancel>: Cancels changes made to selected user's properties. Operations This field contains the following: <Add User>: Adds new user to Users. <Edit User>: Edits selected user. <Delete User>: Deletes selected user. <Reset Password>: Resets selected user's password. Users Display lists all users, with display name, login name, and user type.

Deployment

Deployment is the process of moving all the FPML files associated with the project from a user's local copy to another location, usually to a test or production server. To configure the deployment, select Deployment→Configure Deployment from the Admin menu. This will open the Deployment Configuration window. The user can select a means by which the test environment manager can be notified of changes to the FPML. The files may be transferred either by direct e-mail to the test environment manager, or by copying the files to a shared directory. With respect to a Deploy FPML Window, consider the following in connection with FIG. 13. Deploy Fpml contains the following components:

Component Description Change Version Changes the version number of the project Deployment Settings Display of Email server, Email list, Notification list, and copy directory. Regenerate All Files If selected, all files are regenerated with each update. <Edit Configuration> Edits deployment configuration. Deployment Status Display of deployment. Can be edited by clicking in the window. <Deploy> Deploys the FPML to directory selected in the Deployment Configuration window. <Close> Closes Window

A Deployment Configuration Window allows the user to set up the deployment configuration. This includes the destination folder, email settings, and whether to include copies or Text-to-Speech. With respect to this window, consider the following in connection with FIG. 14. Deployment Configuration contains four tabs across the top of the window (described in the table just below):

Copy Files, Email, Run External Program, and Commit To Subversion.

Component Description Copy Files This tab contains the following items: Enable Copy Files: If checked, will activate file copy for deployment. If unchecked, this tab will be grayed out. Deployment Destination Folder: Folder where FPML files will be copied into when deployed. <Browse> Opens Browse window to find a shared directory. Choose FPML Files To Copy: <Create and Copy Zip File> radio button: if selected, files will be copied in compressed (*.zip) format. Zip File Name: Type name of(*.zip) file here. <Copy Project Folder> radio button: If selected, files copied uncompressed. Text-To-Speech: If check box Copy Text-To-Speech File Share With Deployment: If selected, all Text-to-Speech files will be included in the deployment. Create Deployment Log File: If check box Create Deployment Log File is selected, a log file will be generated in the deployment. Email This tab contains the following items: Server Name: Name of the email server from which the deployment will be sent. Contact your system administrator for more details. Email From: E-mail address deployment notifications will come from. Email Address List: Input field for all the e-mail addresses that will be notified when the project is deployed, one address per line. Attach Deployment Files With Email: If selected, this option sends the updated files to the users in the Address List as an attached .zip file. Default: Not selected. Run External This tab contains the following items: Program Choose Program To Run: Type name of program that will run when FPML deployment is complete. <Browse> Opens Browse window to find file. Commit To This tab contains the following items: Subversion Commit Deployed Files to SVN: Check box that indicates whether the deployed files will be committed to Subversion, a file management program. Fpml Service Uri: Location of Web Service that manages the FPML and SVN integration. <Save> Saves deployment configuration. <Cancel> Closes window without saving deployment configuration.

FPML Reports

Active Lab has functionality that creates documents that may be useful to the user. In one or more embodiments, there are two documents that Active Lab can create: FPML Statistics which is an Excel® spreadsheet displaying the percentage statistics of Unit test questions and Print Units which is an Excel® spreadsheet displaying all the Units along with their respective test questions.

To create the FPML Statistics spreadsheet, follow these procedures in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 15:

-   -   1. Open FPML Statistics window by following Admin→FPML         Reports→Fpml Statistics.     -   2. Type in destination folder and name of file to be created.     -   3. Select destination folder and document name by typing in         Report File field, or by clicking <Browse> to open a browse         window to find a destination folder.     -   4. Select Print Status of Test, Production, or InActive.     -   5. Click <Generate> to create file.

FPML Statistics contains the following components:

Component Description Report File Type destination folder and document name here. <Browse> Opens Browse window to find a directory. Print Status  Contains three options: Production Test InActive <Print All Test> Check to have all Unit tests from project printed in the document. <Generate> Click to create the document <Close> Closes window without creating the document.

To create the FPML Units spreadsheet, follow these procedures in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 16:

-   -   1. Open Print Units window by following Admin→FPML Reports         -   →Print         -   Units.     -   2. Select Print Status of Test, Production, or InActive.     -   3. Select destination folder and document name by typing in         Output File field, or by clicking <Browse> to open a browse         window to find a destination folder.     -   4. Click <Generate>

Print Units contains the following components:

Component Description Print Status Contains three options: Production Test Output File Type destination folder and document name here <Browse> Opens Browse window to find a directory. <Generate> Click to create the document <Close> Closes window without creating the document.

Text to Speech Management

Text-To-Speech (TTS) refers to the ability to translate on-screen text into audio speech. TTS files can be generated automatically, or can be pre-recorded voice files. The Text-To-Speech File Management window allows the user to easily manage importing large sets of TTS files.

Text-To-Speech File Management is accessed by selecting Text-To-Speech from Admin as indicated in the user interface of FIG. 17. Text-To-Speech File Management includes an overview section and five tabs as described below:

Component Description TTS Overview This section displays statistics regarding the status of Text-to-Speech files for Units within the project Change Requests: Number of changed responses needing new TTS files. Delete Requests: Number of TTS files no longer used. TTS File Needed: Number of responses still needing TTS files. Missing TTS File: Number of items that have an assigned TTS file, but the file cannot be located. <Refresh>: Refreshes TTS Overview display. Import Files This tab allows the user to import and attach pre-recorded voice files to the project. Excel Import File: The file path to the spreadsheet that identifies Units with corresponding audio files. The spreadsheet must be saved as an XML file. Location of New Audio Files: Directory where the audio files are saved. <Browse>: Allows user to navigate to the particular file or directory location. <Start Import>: Executes the import of the audio files. Status: Shows the results of the import. Delete File Requests This tab allows the user to delete audio files that are no longer used. <Show Delete File Requests>: Executes a search for all audio files that are no longer assigned to a Unit. <Clear List in Database>: Clears the references to deleted files from the database. <Delete Files From Share>: Deletes the actual audio files from the shared directories. Display: Shows the unused audio files to be deleted. Change File Requests This tab allows the users to create an XML file showing the Units with responses that have changed since the last audio recording. <Dump Change Requests to Xml File>: Creates an XML file that can be opened in Excel listing the Units with changed responses. Status: Shows progress and results of the file export. New File Requests This tab allows the user to send the new requests to an Excel spreadsheet <Dump New Requests to Excel>: Creates an XML file that can be opened in Excel that lists all of the new Units added since the last time TTS files were imported. Once updated with the audio file names, this file can become the import file. Status: Shows the progress and results of the file export. Missing TTS Files This tab allows the users to view items that have an assigned audio file, but the file cannot be found for some reason. <View Missing Files>: Executes the search for missing files. Display: Shows the results of the missing file search.

Cascades

A cascade represents a single function of the Context IQ Engine (CIE). Each cascade takes an input, processes that input through the CIE, and then gives an output.

The order that the cascades are listed is very important because many cascades only take the output of previous cascades. When an input is received, it is processed through all cascades in the order listed on the View/Edit Load Order window. There are many different types of cascades, some of which are unique to a project.

When it comes to Concepts and Units in particular, there are two types of outputs that are very important: One is called “Match All” and the other is called “Best Match.” A cascade that is set to “Match All” will output all matches to the input pattern that is received. A cascade that is set to “Best Match” will only have one output, which is calculated by the CIE based on the highest scoring pattern. If there is a tie in a “Best Match” cascade, then the output will be the last item that was calculated.

Concepts Groups can be set to either “Match All” or “Best Match” depending on the user. The majority of Concepts are usually set into “Match All” cascades, because Units take the input of multiple Concepts. Concepts are usually set into “Best Match” cascades when their patterns are so similar that they almost always triggered at the same time.

As an example, consider the following two Concepts—Home Equity and Home Equity Loan. The first Concept will always trigger because it will contain patterns that are also in the second Concept, therefore they should be put in their own “Best Match” cascade so only one can be outputted.

Units must always be assigned to “Best Match” cascades. The reason for this is because the output of a Unit is a response. This way, when an input is received, only one response is outputted.

Vocab is processed through the Context IQ Engine using cascades that only do substitution: it takes in a synonym replaces it with the name of its corresponding Vocab Term. This usually needs to be done three times for full effectiveness: the first time called the Pre-Vocab cascade where contractions are separated into separate words; the second time called the Vocab cascade where Vocab Terms are substituted for words; and a third time called the Post-Vocab cascade where multiple Vocab Term phrases are combined into single Vocab Terms, mainly for use in compound words.

The Cascades dockable window, shown in FIG. 18, is where cascades are created and the type of output for cascades are determined. A user can also move items between cascades in this window. Cascades contain the following components:

Component Description Button Bar  The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new cascade. <Edit>: Edits selected cascade. <Delete>: Deletes selected  cascade from the project. <View/Modify Order>: Opens  View/Edit Load Order window. Cascades Display list of all available cascades and their constituents. Cascades are represented thusly: Cascade type  Cascade Group Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Cascades are organized by type. In Cascade Group Type, shown in FIG. 19, the user may edit the name, match type, response, behavior, pre-process action, and level settings. Cascade Group Type contains the following components:

Component Description Name Text input field for the name of the group Match Type Drop-down list allows for selection of match type. Choose from the following: Best: only output highest scoring match. All: output all pattern matches. Response Drop-down list allows for selection of response  from the following: Standard (Default) Concept Final Can final Behavior Drop-down list allows for selection of behavior from the following: Normal (Default) Recursive Search_replace Stacked_(——) cascades Ignore cascades Pre-Process Action Drop-down list allows for selection of the pre- process action from the following: Return (Default) Internal Can_(——) final Pre_pass_through Domain Object Type Drop-down list allows selection of what type of object can inserted into the cascade group: All Units Concepts Vocab DynamicFunctions DynamicFunctionsBestMatch Level  This field contains the following: Enable Levels checkbox: this should only be used for cascades housing  dynamic functions. Levels: this drop-down list allows for the selection of levels. <Save> Saves settings and closes window. <Cancel> Closes window without saving settings.

Cascade Groups represent the primary grouping of all components of a KB. Cascade Group, as shown in the user interface of FIG. 20, allows the user to give the cascade group a name, the type of cascade it will be, as well as its print order. Cascade Group contains the following components:

Component Description Name Text input field for the name of the cascade Type Drop-down list for selection of cascade type. Choose from any cascade group created for the project. Print Status Set Print Status of the cascade to one of three options: Production Test InActive Print Order Print order of the cascade. This affects when its components will trigger in relation to the other cascades. <Save> Saves settings and closes window. <Cancel> Closes window without saving settings.

Load Order

Selecting View/Edit Load Order from the Admin menu opens the Application Load Order window as shown in FIG. 21. Load Order determines what order static files and cascades are processed when an input is received. This window allows the user to drag and drop Vocab, Unit, and Concept Groups into different cascades. This ordering is very important because some cascades take the input of what other cascades output. Application Load Order has the following components:

Component Description <Remove Selected Removes the highlighted from the project. Item From application> <Save> Saves any changes to load order and closes the window. <Refresh> Refreshes window. <New Window> Opens new Application Load Order window. <Collapse All> Collapses tree to smallest size. <Expand All> Expands tree to maximum size. Main Window Tree view of all items in the project in their load order.

Unused Items

An Unused Item is an item contained in the database, but not used in the current project. This can occur in many ways: newly created projects that point to an existing database will show all the items in that database as unused; and groups ofVocab, Units, and Concepts can be removed from a project, but not from the database, so they can be available for other projects.

In the Unused Items dockable window, as shown in FIG. 22, the user can view all items in the database that are not included in the existing project. This window also allows these items to be added to the current project by selecting→Add To Application from the right-click menu. The Unused Items dockable window contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar  The button bar contains the following: <Edit>: Edits selected item. <Delete>: Deletes selected item. <Show Dependencies>: Note:  Currently not supported. <Refresh>: Refreshes Unused Items display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Unused Items Displays all items in the database not used by the current project. The following is a list of all the different possible Unused Item types. Vocab Groups Vocab Terms Concept Groups Concepts Situation Group Units Static Files Input Files Cascades Resource Files Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text.  <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. Right-Click Menu Unused Items contains the following right-click menu: → Edit: Open edit window corresponding selected item. → Delete: Delete selected item from the database.  →Add To Application: Adds  selected item to the current project. Item  will appear in its corresponding dockable  window.

Resource Files

The Resource Files dockable window, as shown in FIG. 23, allows the user to view and edit all the Resource Files, or non-FPML files, in the project.

The Resource Files dockable window contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar  The button bar contains the following:  <Add>: Opens Resource File  Editor.  <Edit>: Opens selected Resource file  in Editor tab.  <Delete>: Deletes selected  Resource File.  <Browse For Folder>: Opens a  Browse window to search for  Resource Files.  <Refresh>: Refreshes Resource  Files display.  <New Window>: Opens copy of  current window.  <Collapse All> Collapses entire  tree.  <Expand All> Expands entire tree.  <Back and Forward Navigation>:  Navigates between searches. Resource Files Displays all Resource Files in the project.  Resource Files Search Tree  This field contains the following:  Input Text Field: Searches cascades for  specific text.  <Search>: Executes search.  <Search Options>: Opens Search  Options window.  Whole Word Only Checkbox:  Limits search to complete word  matches. Right-Click Menu Resource Files contains the following  right-click menu: →Add Resource File: Opens  Resource File Editor. Directory: Opens Browse window to search for new Resource File  →  Edit Properties: Opens  Resource File Editor. File Contents: Opens selected Resource File in Editor tab. → Delete: Delete selected file. → Remove From  Application: Removes selected  file from current project, but  does not delete it from the  database. → Show Applications:  Displays all application that use  selected file. → Replace Text → Replace In All Files: Opens  Replace Text window.

This section provides detailed instructions for creating projects and interacting with the project management tools. To create a new project, use the following procedure in connection with the user interfaces shown in FIGS. 24 and 25:

-   -   1. Select File→New Project to open a Create New         -   Project         -   window.     -   2. Type the Application Name.     -   3. Click <Browse> under Local File Directory to select a local         directory where the FPML files will be generated, or type the         path in the Local File Directory text field.     -   4. Click <Browse> under Lex Field Source to select a local         directory where the lex file will be found, or type the path in         the Local File Directory text field.     -   5. Configure the Database Connection as follows:         -   a. Select the Database Type from the dropdown menu         -   b. Type in the Server Name in the appropriate field.         -   c. Type in the Database Name in the appropriate field.         -   d. Type in the User Name of your choice in the appropriate             field.         -   e. Type in the Password.     -   6. Type in the Web Server Path or skip to step 6.     -   7. Type in the Subversion Service or skip to step 7.     -   8. Click on Chat Review or skip to step 9.     -   9. Configure the Chat Review as follows:         -   a. Type in the Display Name of the chat server.         -   b. Type in the Connection String of the chat server.         -   c. Select the Connection Provider for the chat server.         -   d. Select the Dialect for the chat server.         -   e. Select the Driver for the chat server.         -   f. Click <Add>.         -   g. Repeat steps a-g for each chat server to be added.     -   10. Click <Create Project> to open the new project, or click         <Cancel> to exit the Create New Project window without creating         a new project.

To opening an existing project, using the user interface of FIG. 24, complete the following actions:

-   -   1. Select File open Project     -   2. Browse for the project (*.proj) you want to open.     -   3. Click <Open> to open the selected project, or click <Cancel>         to continue without opening a project.

Within Active Lab, configuration settings that may be changed are found in Application Editor. To change these configurations, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select Application Data from the Admin menu to open         -   Application         -   Editor.     -   2. Make any changes desired to the Name or skip to step 3.     -   3. Make any changes desired to the Version or skip to step 4.     -   4. Make any changes desired to the Approval

Mode or skip to step 5.

-   -   5. Change the lex file using the following procedure or skip to         step 6.         -   a. Click <Load File> to open a Browse window.         -   b. Browse to the desired location and select the lex file.         -   c. Click <Open>.     -   6. Click <Upload File> to open a Browse window that will select         an existing project or skip to step 7.     -   7. Click <Download File> to open a Browse window to save the         project as a (*.proj) file in selected directory or skip to step         8.     -   8. Click <Save> to close the window and save changes OR click         <Cancel> to close the window without saving changes.

Project deployment involves sending the project files from one location to another, usually from the user's local hard drive to a test or production environment. There are two methods of deployment: by email or by copying the project files to a shared directory. You may select one or both of these methods as the situation warrants.

Before deploying a project, the following steps can be used to ensure a stable set.

-   -   1. Click <Generate All FPML> or select→File→Force Generate All         FPML.     -   2. Wait for FPML generation to complete.     -   3. Close Active Lab.     -   4. Reopen Active Lab.     -   5. Open the project by selecting File→open Project and browsing         to project file.

Once the above steps have been completed, it is very important not to do any other activity in Active Lab before you deploy, or it may interfere with the deployment. This means that after opening the project, you continue directly to the following steps, without doing any other activity.

-   -   1. Select Admin→Deployment→Deploy FPML open Deploy FPML window         as shown in FIG. 26.     -   2. Click <Change Version> to open Application Editor (FIG. 27).     -   3. Edit Version field to desired number.

Click <Save>. Window will close.

-   -   4. Return to Deploy FPML window.     -   5. Click <Edit Configuration> to open Deployment Configuration         window (FIG. 28) or skip to step 24.     -   6. Click <Enable Copy Files> to deploy to a shared directory, or         skip to step 12.     -   7. Type or browse to the Deployment Destination Folder of your         choice. This is where the deployed files will be copied.     -   8. Select Create and Copy Zip File or Copy Project Folder.         -   a. If Create and Copy Zip File is selected, enter Zip File             Name in appropriate field.     -   9. Select Copy Text-To-Speech File Share With Deployment         (Optional).     -   10. Select Create Deployment Log File (Optional).     -   11. Click Email tab (FIG. 29) or skip to step 18.     -   12. Type the Server Name in the first field. This should be your         local network email server.     -   13. Type the e-mail address the e-mail will originate from in         the second field.     -   14. Type in the email address to which the pertinent files will         be sent in the Email Address List.     -   15. Repeat step 10 as often as desired, one address per line.     -   16. Select Attach Deployment Files With Email to ensure that the         files will be sent. If this is not selected, the addresses         listed will only receive a notification.     -   17. Click Run External Program tab (FIG. 30) or skip to step 20.     -   18. Type in or browse to appropriate file.     -   19. Click Commit To Subversion tab or skip to step 22.     -   20. Click <Commit Deployed Files to SVN>. (Optional)     -   21. Click <Save> to close the window and save the deployment         settings. The window will close     -   22. Return to Deploy FPML window.     -   23. Examine the Deployment Settings to ensure that all is in         order.     -   24. Examine Deployment Status. If it reads “Ready To Deploy,”         click <Deploy>.

Creating a List of Units Requiring Audio Files

When the Unit responses have been finalized, one can generate a spreadsheet of the ones requiring new audio files. If you have previously imported voice files, this will be a two step process. First, generate a list of new requests; and secondly, generate a list of responses changed since the last recording.

New Requests:

-   -   1. Admin→Text-To-Speech to open Text-To-Speech File Management.     -   2. Click on New File Requests tab     -   3. Click <Dump New Requests to Excel>.     -   4. Click <OK> in response to the “Please Choose an xml file”         window.     -   5. In the Save As window, choose a name and location for the         file. Click <Save>.     -   6. The file will be created and the results displayed in the         Status field.

Changed Responses:

-   -   1. Admin Text-To-Speech to open Text-To-Speech File Management.     -   2. Click on Change File Requests tab     -   3. Click <Dump Change Requests to Xml File>.     -   4. Click <OK> in response to the “Please Choose an xml file”         window.     -   5. In the Save As window, choose a name and location for the         file. Click <Save>.     -   6. The file will be created and the results displayed in the         Status field.

When updated with the names of the audio files, these spreadsheets can be used as TTS import files.

Vocabulary

Active Lab uses vocabulary to allow the user a way to define important terms in a project as well as group synonyms together in order to streamline the Concept, Unit building, and maintenance process. This section contains a description of the details and principles surrounding vocabulary as well as instructions on creating and maintaining vocabulary within Active Lab.

Vocabulary is at the core of defining a Knowledge Base. Concepts and Units build on the foundation of vocabulary. The purpose of vocabulary is to group synonymous words together to be used in formulating input patterns for Concepts and Units. Vocabulary also vastly streamlines the maintenance involved in managing a KB.

The way that vocabulary is streamlined in the KB is by grouping synonyms together under a single label, called a Vocab Term. Synonyms can include any unambiguous synonyms, misspellings, tenses, pluralities, and/or possessive forms. Together, a list of Synonyms and its corresponding Vocab Term are known as a Vocab.

Vocab functions as a substitution algorithm: when a word is entered, it is substituted for its corresponding Vocab Term. This way, only the Vocab Term needs to be used when creating patterns later on. Vocab Terms are organized into Vocab Groups, mainly for organizational purposes. Vocab Groups can then be assigned to different cascades. Vocab is primarily viewed in the Vocab dockable window (See FIG. 31), which allows the user to view all the Vocab Terms associated with the currently open project.

The Vocab dockable window contains the following components:

Component Descriptio Button Bar  The button row contains the following buttons: <Add>: Adds new Vocab Term. <Edit>: Opens Vocab Editor with selected term loaded. <Delete>: Deletes the selected Vocab Term, and all of its synonyms from the project. <Show Dependencies>: Shows the Concepts and Building Blocks that use the selected Vocab Term. <Refresh>: Refreshes Vocab display and collapses open groups. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Vocab display tree  This tree shows vocabulary organized as follows: Vocab Group Vocab Term Synonym Expand and Collapse: these expand and collapse Vocab Groups to show Vocab Terms, and Vocab Terms to show synonyms. Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

The Vocab dockable window has three different right-click menus (shown in FIG. 32) that appear, based on whether one right-clicks on the Vocab Group, Vocab Term, or Synonym. The following selections are available:

Selection Description Add →Vocab Group: opens Add New Vocab Group. →Vocab Term: opens Vocab Editor.  →Synonym: Opens Vocab Editor with highlighted Vocab loaded. Edit Opens selected item for editing in its respective window. Delete Deletes selected item from the project. Show Applications Shows all applications that use selected (Vocab Group only) Vocab Group. Remove From Application Removes selected Vocab Group from (Vocab Group only) current project. Vocab Group can now be found in Unused Items. Show Dependencies Shows all Concepts and Building Blocks (Vocab Term only) using the term. Create Concept Creates a Concept in the Concept tab using current Vocab Term. View File Views FPML file containing current Vocab Term in the Edit tab.

Vocab Groups are sets of Vocab Terms that are categorically similar. For instance, the Vocab Terms “dog,” “cat,” and “parrot” might be placed in a Vocab Group called “animals.” Vocab Groups are used to simplify Vocab management within cascades and projects. Individual groups can be added and removed from projects, and can be moved around, in, and between cascades. Each Vocab Term can only belong to one Vocab Group.

The Add New Vocab Group window (FIG. 33) consists of the following components:

Component Description Group The desired group name. Required Check to assign Vocab Group to a Cascade Group The desired cascade group. <OK> Confirms Vocab Group creation. <Cancel> Closes window without creating new group.

Vocab Terms are used to simplify maintenance of Concepts and Units by converting all synonymous words into a single term. Thus, Vocab Terms act as a form of substitution. In cases of ambiguous synonyms, create two separate Vocab Terms to be placed in a Building Block together later on. Vocab Terms are created via the Vocab Editor (See FIG. 34), which is accessed by either right-clicking in Vocab or by clicking <Add> in Vocab. The following are components found in the Vocab Editor window:

Component Function Group Drop-down list for the group to which the term will belong Vocab Term  This field contains the following components:  Button Row: Contains <Add>: adds term to Vocab Group. <Edit>: edits natural language or term. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts and Building Blocks in which the term appears. Natural Language: Text field for the word as it would appear in natural language. Term: Text field for the term as it is listed in Vocab. Typically, this ends in “-vocab” (“help” would be “helpvocab”). Add Plural Forms: Selection, if checked, adds all terms synonyms with an “s” on the end. Default: not selected. Add Possessive Forms: Selection, if checked, adds a version of each synonym ending in “'s.” Synonyms tab This field contains the following: Display: list of all manually typed synonyms in the term. Input Field for the entry of synonyms. <Add>: Adds synonym to term. <Update>: Makes changes to selected synonym. <Delete>: Deletes selected synonym. <Cancel>: Cancels changes made to synonym. Comments tab  This field contains the following: Display: The current comment for the Vocab. The comments display will be marked with one of the  following icons: Currently no comments. Comments exist for this vocab. The following buttons are used: <Save Comments>: Save current comments. <Clear Comments>: clears all comments. <Close> Closes the Vocab Editor window.

Helper Terms are commonly used words and phrases that are used to build sentences, and have no synonyms or common misspellings, such as “is,” “or,” or “but.” Helper Terms are also used for words that should not be made into Vocab, especially those that are only necessary for a single Concept or Unit. Some names/proper nouns that you want to reuse in response may be used as Helper Terms. Helper Terms can be used anywhere Vocab is used, and also directly in Units. The Helper Terms dockable window is shown in FIG. 35 and includes the following components:

Component Description Button Row Row of buttons contains: <Add>: Add new Helper Term.  <Edit>: Opens Edit Helper Term with selected Helper Term loaded.  <Delete>: Deletes selected Helper Term from the project.  <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts and Units that use selected Helper Term. <Refresh>: Reloads Helper Terms display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree.  <Back and Forward Navigation>:  Navigates between searches. Display List of all Helper Terms defined in the project. Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

The Add New Helper Term and Edit Helper Term windows (see FIG. 36) both contain the following components:

Component Description Term field Helper Term name <OK> Confirms creation or change of Helper Term <Cancel> Closes window without creating or editing Helper Term.

Building Blocks serve as a means to group related Vocab and Helper Terms and Concepts together. There are two types of Building Blocks: Standard and Phrase.

Standard Building Blocks provide a useful means for associating terms or Concepts that are commonly though not always related to one another, specifically ambiguous Vocab, or words with multiple meanings based on context, such as “arm,” which can mean a part of the body or to ready a weapon.

Phrase Building Blocks are used to group short patterns of Vocab and/or Helper Terms together in a particular order. When a phrase Building Block is used in an input pattern, that pattern will only trigger when an input is received that exactly matches the order, from top to bottom, that is listed in the Building Block.

Building Blocks composed of Concepts are represented by a first type of icon, while those composed of Vocab Terms are represented by a second type of icon. Vocab and Helper Term Building Blocks can be used in Concept input patterns, while Concept Building Blocks can be used in Unit input patterns.

Building Blocks can be nested. This means that Building Blocks can be used to make other Building Blocks. Building Blocks has a dockable window shown in FIG. 37 and contains the following components:

Component Description Button Row  Contains the following buttons: <Add>: Opens Building Block Editor. <Edit>: Opens Building Block Editor with selected Building Block loaded. <Delete>: Deletes selected Building Block. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts or Units in which the selected Building Block appears. <Refresh>: Reloads Building Blocks display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree.  <Back and Forward Navigation>:  Navigates between searches. Display Lists Building Blocks and their constituent parts. Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Building Block Editor (FIG. 38) allows the user to create new standard and phrase Building Blocks, populate it with pre-existing Vocab, Helper Terms, and Concepts, and edit its contents. The Building Block Editor contains the following components:

Component Description Building Block  This field contains the following: Name: Text field for Building Block name. Type: Choose type of building block: Standard Phrase Button Row: Contains the following buttons: <Add>: Adds the Building Block to the project. <Edit Name>: Updates changes to the name. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts and Units that use the Building Block. Terms Contains the following: Display: List of Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, and/or Concepts in the Building Block. This field contains the following: Name: Text field for Building Block name. <Remove Component>: Deletes selected term from the current Building Block. <Edit Term>: Edit selected item in its own pop up window. <Show Term Dependencies>: Shows dependencies of selected term in pop up window. <Show Term In Main Window>: Display selected term in its corresponding dockable window. <Move Up/Down>: Move term up or down relative to the other terms in the Building Block. Only available for Building Block phrases. Search Same as Search dockable window. <Close> Closes window.

Managing Vocabulary

This section describes how to create, edit, and delete Vocab Groups, Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, and Building Blocks. Creating a Vocab Group can be performed in the following way.

-   -   1. In the Vocab dockable window, right click anywhere and select         Add→New Vocab Group to open the Add New Vocab Group window (FIG.         39).     -   2. In the Add New Vocab Group window, enter a name for the group         in the Group field.     -   3. Select the appropriate cascade group from the Cascades Group         drop-down menu. Note: for Vocab Groups, the selection should end         in “vocab”. Most words will be found in the General_Vocabulary         cascade.     -   4. Click the <OK> button to add the Vocab Group to the database         OR click <Cancel> to continue without adding the Vocab Group to         the database.

Because Vocab Groups are shared across projects that share the same database, deleting a Vocab Group from the database affects the functionality of all projects attached to it. For this reason, it is best to remove the group from the project rather than deleting it from the database. Note: Vocab Groups may only be removed if they have no dependencies. To remove a Vocab Group from a project, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Vocab, right-click on the desired Vocab Group and select         Remove From Application.     -   2. The group will disappear from the list.

As noted above, it is generally not recommended to delete Vocab Groups. However, should it be necessary to delete a Vocab Group from the database altogether, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired Vocab Group and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the desired Vocab Group and select Delete.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         group OR click <No> to close the dialogue without deleting.

To create Vocab terms, consider the following in connection with FIG. 40:

-   -   1. Right click on an empty portion of the Vocab dockable window         and select Add→New Vocab Term OR click the <Add> button at the         top of the window.     -   2. Select the Group to which the Vocab Term will belong from the         drop-down menu.     -   3. Type the Natural Language form of the term.     -   4. Select Add Plural Forms and/or Add Possessive Forms if         desired.     -   5. Click <Add> or press the <enter> key, which will generate the         name for the term.     -   6. Click in the Synonym text field     -   7. Type the desired synonym and press <Enter> or click <Add> to         add the synonym to the list.     -   8. Repeat steps 6-7 for each additional synonym.     -   9. Click the <Close> button when finished.

Adding new synonyms can be accomplished as follows:

-   -   1. Right click on an existing Vocab Term and select Add→Synonym,         OR double-click on said existing Vocab Term OR highlight the         desired Vocab Term and click         <Edit> to open the Vocab Editor window.     -   2. Click on the Synonyms text field.     -   3. Type the desired synonym and press <Enter> or click <Add>.     -   4. Repeat steps 2 & 3 for each additional synonym you wish to         add.     -   5. Click the <Close> button when finished.

Editing a Vocab Term can take the form of adding or deleting synonyms, changing the title of the term, or changing the Vocab Group to which it belongs. To edit an existing Vocab Term use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the Vocab Editor window either by right clicking the         desired Vocab Term and selecting Edit OR double-clicking on said         Vocab Term OR highlighting the Vocab Term and clicking the <Add>         button.     -   2. Make any desired changes to the Natural Language field, Term         field, or Group drop-down menu, and click the <Edit Names or         Vocab Group> button.     -   3. Select a synonym from the Synonyms display. Make any changes         as needed in the Synonyms field, and click <Update>.

Editing a synonym in Vocab Editor uses the following procedure:

-   -   1. Double click on the synonym you wish to edit.     -   2. Modify the text in the Synonym text field as desired.     -   3. Click <Update> to add the changes to the term OR click         <Cancel> to cancel the changes.     -   4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each synonym to be edited.     -   5. Click <Close> to close the window.

To delete synonyms, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Double-click on the desired synonym in the Synonyms display         list.     -   2. Click <Delete>.     -   3. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         synonym OR click <No> to close the dialogue without deleting.     -   4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each synonym to be deleted.     -   5. Click <Close> to close the window.

To remove a Vocab Term from a project:

-   -   1. Right click on the Vocab Term in question and select Delete         OR select the term and click <Delete>.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         term OR click <No> to close the dialogue without deleting.

To create a Helper Term, consider the following in connection with FIG. 41.

-   -   1. In the Helper Terms dockable window, click the <Add> button,         or right click in the window and select Add, either of which         will open the Add New Helper Term window.     -   2. Type the desired term in the Term field     -   3. Click <OK> to save the term, or click <Cancel> to close the         window and continue without adding the term.

With respect to editing Helper Terms, consider the following in connection with FIG. 42.

-   -   1. In Helper Terms, select the desired Helper Term and click         <Edit> OR right-click on the desired Helper Term and select         Edit, OR double-click on the desired Helper Term to open Edit         Helper Term.     -   2. Make any changes desired to the text in the Term field.     -   3. Click <OK> to close the window and save the changes OR click         <Cancel> to close the window without saving the changes.

With respect to deleting Helper Terms, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Helper Terms, select the desired Helper Term.     -   2. Click <Delete> OR right click on the term and select Delete.     -   3. In the Confirm Delete box that appears, click <OK> to delete         the file OR click <Cancel> to close the box without deleting the         term.

With respect to creating, editing and deleting Building Blocks, consider the following in connection with FIG. 43.

To create a Building Block, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the Building Blocks dockable window, click the <Add>         button OR right click anywhere in the window and select Add from         the right click menu, either of which will open up the Building         Block Editor window.     -   2. Type name for the Building Block in the Name field and click         <Add> or press <Enter>.     -   3. Select a Standard or Phrase from the Type dropdown.     -   4. Drag and drop Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, or Building Blocks         from the Vocab, Helper Terms, or Building Block dockable windows         OR drag and drop Concepts from the Concepts dockable window OR         manually type the a term into the text field at in the Search         section of the Building Block Editor, press <Search>, and drag         and drop the results into the Terms display. A Building Block         may contain either vocabulary (Vocab and Helper Terms) or         Concepts.     -   5. Click <Close> when done.

To edit a Building Block, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired Building Block and click <Edit> OR         double-click on the desired Building Block OR right-click on the         desired Building Block and select Edit to open Building Block         Editor.     -   2. Add new components to the Building Block by using the steps         described above or skip to step 3.     -   3. Remove the desired terms/Concepts or skip to step 4. a.         Double-click on the desired term or Concept. b. Click <Remove>.     -   4. Click <Close>.

To delete a Building Block, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired Building Block in Building Blocks.     -   2. Click <Delete> OR right-click to open the right-click menu         and select Delete.     -   3. In the Confirm Delete box, click <OK> to delete the Building         Block OR click <Cancel> to close the box without deleting the         Building Block.

Concepts

Concepts can serve as the middle step in the Vocab, Concept, and Unit process. It is an important step in the process that defines the meanings behind groups of words and phrases. This section details what a Concept is, as well as the processes involved in creating and editing Concepts.

In the English language, groups of words and phrases can imply a particular meaning. This meaning could be a goal, as in the phrase, “tell me about”, or it can be an idea, such as “a refreshing drink”. A group of all the possible phrasings that can define a meaning is known as a Concept. These Concepts are then used to create input patterns for any number of Units later on.

The Basics of Concepts

Concepts are composed of input patterns ofVocab Terms, Building Blocks, Wild Cards, and Helper Terms. A Concept is considered triggered (or “hit”) when it receives an input pattern that completely matches at least one of its patterns.

Concept Groups

Concepts are organized into groups by subject matter. The placement of Concept Groups in a cascade determines load order, and whether they are “Best Match,” or “Match All.” If a Concept Group is in a cascade labeled “Best Match,” only the constituent Concept with the best matching input pattern is triggered. If, on the other hand, the Concept Group is in a cascade labeled “Match All,” any Concept in this cascade having an input pattern matching the user's input will trigger.

Material Concepts

Knowledge Bases created by Active Lab can be used for many different things, even the use of functions not currently supported by the Lab. One of these uses is to help create Information Retrieval (IR) databases, which are used for other advance types of searching.

For use with these IR searches, Active Lab has the functionality to mark a Concept as a Material Concept, which will have a specific functionality within the IR search.

Generic Concept

For every Concept Group, one Concept can be marked as the Generic Concept. The Generic Concept will trigger any time any Concept triggers from that Concept Group.

Concepts Dockable Window

The Concepts dockable window, as shown in FIG. 44, allows the user to view, create, and manage Concepts and Concept Groups using a simple drag-and-drop interface. Concepts contain the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following (along with their corresponding right-click menu selections): <Add>: Creates new Concept. <Edit>: Opens Concepts with selected Concept loaded for editing. <Delete>: Deletes selected Concept from project. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Units and Building Blocks in which  the selected Concept appears. <Refresh>: Refreshes display list <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>:  Navigates between searches. Concepts  Display lists all available Concepts in their respective groups thusly: (red icon) Match All Concept Group  (blue icon) Best Match Concept Group Concept  Material Concept Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Concepts also has two right-click menu options, as shown in FIG. 45: the first option comes from right-clicking a Concept Group, the second from right-clicking a Concept. The right-click menu options have the following components:

Component Description Add  →concept Group: opens Add New Concept Group. →concept: opens Concept Editor tab, with Concept Group field set to current Concept Group. Cascade Print Changes the print status of all Concepts in Status To Concepts selected Concept Group to the print status of (from Concept Group) the Concept Group. Delete Deletes selected Concept or Concept Group. Edit (from Concept Group) Opens Edit Concept Group window. Edit (from Concept)  →In Main Editor: opens Concept in Concept Editor in main window.  →In Pop-Up: opens Concept Editor in its own pop-up window. Generate Concept Generate FPML file for selected Concept Group FPML Group (from Concept Group) Remove From Application Removes selected Concept Group from the (from Concept Group) current project. Set All Child Changes the status of all Concepts in Concepts Immaterial selected Concept Group to Not Material (from Concept Group) Set All Child Changes the status of all Concepts in Concepts Material selected Concept Group to Material (from Concept Group) Set/Clear Set or clear Concept as the Generic Generic Concept Concept for its Concept Group. Set Material/Not Toggle the status of Concept between Material (from Concept) Material and Not Material. Set Print Status Sets Print Status of selected item to:  Test  Production  InActive Show Applications Shows all applications selected Concept (from Concept Group) Group is used in. Show Dependencies Opens Dependencies window and shows (from Concept) all dependencies of selected Concept. View File Opens FPML file of selected Concept Group in Editor tab of the main window.

Concepts Editor Tab

Concepts are comprised of two principle components: tests and patterns. Patterns are made up of Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, Building Blocks, and Wild Cards and determine what phrases trigger the Concept. Tests are ways to make sure that the Concept is working as intended. FIG. 46 and the following table lists the components available at the top of the Concept Editor tab. (This does not include tabs within the Concept Editor, which are described later on.)

Component Description Group  This field contains the following: Drop-down list: The name of the group to which the Concept will belong. <Add>: Adds a new Unit to a giVen group. <Show Dependencies>: Opens the Show Dependencies window, which displays all of the components affected by the Concept. <Show in Main Tree>: Opens Concept in Concept dockable window. <Find in FPML File>: Opens Concept file in Editor. <Forward> and <Back>: Navigates between previously opened Concepts. Hide Narne Checkbox Check to not allow the Concept to be passed out of its cascade. Default not checked. Material Concept Checkbox Check to change status of the Concept to Material. Default not checked. Name Text field: Shows the name of the Concept. <Create> Creates the new Concept. <Update> Updates any changes to the name of the Unit. Print Status This dropdown contains the following options: Test Production InActive <Advanced View> selection Makes the Components. Match Condition, Comments, and Response blocks tabs visible. Tabs The default tabs of Concepts are Tests and Patterns

Tests Tab

Tests allows the user to create and edit test questions. Test questions represent user inputs that should cause the Concept to trigger. When looking at the set of test questions, it is best to consider the ideas involved. Ideal test questions should represent complete user inputs. In this manner, each Concept can be tested to see how it interacts with other Concepts. Test questions serve as a useful guide for the creation of input patterns. The Tests tab, as shown in FIG. 47, found under Concepts functions in much the same way as the main Tests tab, though it focuses solely on the tests for the open Concept. Tests contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar  The button bar contains the following: <Run Tests>: Runs tests to ensure that Concept is triggered when expected. <Refresh>: Clears information from tests so that they may be run from the beginning.  <Collapse All> Collapses test tree. <Expand All> Expands test tree.  <Edit Test Question>: Allows user to edit a selected test question from the Test Questions box. Note: a test question must be selected in order for this button to function. <Delete Test Question>: Allows user to delete a selected test question from the Test Questions display. Note: a test question must be selected in order for this button to function. <Set Question Active/Inactive>: Toggles a questions status as either active or inactive. Inactive questions are not tested, and do not affect the status of the Concept.  <Debug Question>: Opens Debug tab and displays the processes that led to the test's result.  <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts whose input patterns include any item in the selected Concept's input pattern, as well as all Units using that Concept. Test Questions This field contains the following: Display: Displays all test question inputs by the user, as well as their test status. A green circle indicates that the test succeeded; a yellow circle indicates that the test has yet to be run or is InActive; and a red circle indicates that the test failed. Text input field: Input test questions here. <Add>: Adds test question from Test Questions field to the Test Questions box. <Update>: Updates changes made to selected test question in  Test Questions field.  <Delete>: Deletes selected test question from  Test Questions box.

Tests also includes a right-click menu, as shown in FIG. 48, when you click on a test question and contains the following components:

Component Description Edit Copies test question into Test Questions field below. Delete Deletes selected test question. Debug Question Opens Debugger in main window with selected test question loaded. Copy Text Copies selected test into Windows clipboard Set Question Active/Inactive Toggles selected test question between Active and InActive status.

Patterns, as shown in FIG. 49,_allows the user to create and edit input patterns for the Concept and contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds a blank pattern. <Refresh>: Refreshes display and collapse all pattern trees. <Collapse All> Collapses tree. <Expand All> Expands tree. <Edit>: Allows user to edit pattern name, position, and proximity/order selections. <Delete>: Deletes selected pattern. <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts whose input patterns include any item in the selected Concept's input pattern, as well as all Units using that Concept. Patterns Displays all the patterns created for the Concept. Input patterns are represented thusly: Active input pattern Inactive input pattern Edit Pattern This field contains the following: Position: Allows user to select where the pattern must be located in the input in order to trigger the Concept. There are four options:  AnyWhere Beginning End Entire Substitute Order Matters checkbox: When selected, Vocab Terms in input must be in the same order as displayed in the pattern to trigger. Default: selected. Proximity Matters checkbox: When selected, the Vocab Terms in the pattern must be adjacent in the input in order to trigger. Default: selected. <Save>: Saves changes made to Position, and Order/Proximity selections.

The tabs shown in FIG. 50 are only available when <Advanced View> is selected. Advanced Tabs has the following components:

Tab Description Components This tab allows the user to add Variables, Function Calls, AppCalls, and Record Lists to the Concept. Match Condition This tab allows the user to create and edit pre- and post-conditions. Comments This tab allows the user to leave comments associated with the Concept. Note: Comments do not in any way affect the functioning of the software, as they are intended to allow the user to comment on the thought processes and reasoning that went into the designing of the Concept. Response Blocks In this tab, the user may input response blocks in conjunction with the Response Blocks dockable window. For more information.

As discussed earlier, the Concepts Builder function is accessed either by means of the Concepts Editor tab, or by right clicking in the Concepts dockable window.

Creating a New Concepts Group

New Concept Groups are created using the following procedure in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 51:

-   -   1. Right click on a blank space in the Concepts dockable window         and select Add→concept Group to open the Add New Concept Group         window.     -   2. Enter the name of the new Concept Group in the Group field.     -   3. Choose a Print Status from the Print Status drop.     -   4. Select a Cascade Group from the Cascade Group drop-down menu.     -   5. Click <OK> to create the new Concept group OR click <Cancel>         to close the window without creating a new Concept Group.

Adding New Concepts

New Concepts can be added using the following procedure in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 52:

-   -   1. Click <Add> in the Concepts dockable window OR right click on         blank space in the Concepts dockable window and select         Add→concept, which opens the Concept Editor tab, or Click <Add>         in the Concept Editor tab of the main display.     -   2. Choose Concept Group from drop-down menu.     -   3. Enter the name of the Concept in the Name field     -   4. Click <Create>.

Adding Questions

Once a Concept has been created, the user can add test questions on the Tests tab using the following procedure in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 53:

-   -   1. Type the question in the Test Question field. Note: For         Concepts, test questions are often single words or short         phrases; however there is no limit to the size of test question.     -   2. Click <Add> or press <Enter>     -   3. Repeat steps 1 & 2 as often as desired.

Creating Patterns

To add Vocab Terms to a Concept pattern, use the following procedure in connection with the user interface shown in FIG. 54:

-   -   1. In the Patterns tab, click the <Add> button to generate a         blank pattern.     -   2. Open the Vocab dockable window and select a Vocab Term.     -   3. Drag and drop the selected Vocab Term into the blank pattern.     -   4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 as often as desired.     -   5. If needed, select Helper Terms and Building Blocks from the         Helper Terms or Building Blocks dockable windows and drag and         drop them into the pattern.     -   6. Drag and drop to edit the order of the input pattern.     -   7. Select <Order Matters> and/or <Proximity Matters> if desired.     -   8. Select Position from drop-down if desired.     -   9. Click <Save> if steps 7 or 8 have been followed.     -   10. Repeat steps 1-9 to create as many input patterns as         desired.

Generating Files

Once patterns for either Concepts or Units have been changed, it is necessary for the FPML files themselves to be generated. There are currently two options:

-   -   <Generate All FPML>: This will generate all FPML files for the         project.     -   <Generate FPML (Change Only)>: This will generate only the FPML         files that have recently changed in the database.

Testing Patterns

Once test questions and patterns have been added to the Concept, it is necessary to run a test to ensure correct patterns have been used.

-   -   1. Click <Run Tests> in the Tests tab. The dialogue box in FIG.         55 will only appear if changes have been made to the database         (i.e.: a pattern has been changed):     -   2. Click <Yes> to generate FPML (Changes Only) and run test or         Click <No> to not generate FPML. The dialogue box in FIG. 56         will only appear if <No> was selected from the Generate Files         dialogue box.     -   3. Click <Yes> to run tests, or click <No> to not run tests.

When the test is completed, the results will show in the Test Questions display next to each question. As discussed above, a green circle indicates success, a yellow circle indicates the Concept was untested or has been marked as InActive, and a red circle indicates failure.

Editing Concepts

Editing a Concept works as follows:

-   -   1. Find the Concept in the Concepts dockable window.     -   2. Double click on the Concept, which will open it in the         Concept Editor tab OR right click on the Concept and select         Edit→In Main Editor or Edit→In Pop-Up.     -   3. Make any changes desired.

Deleting Concepts

To delete a Concept, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the Concepts dockable window, Select the Concept to be         deleted and click <Delete> OR right click on a Concept and         select Delete.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         Concept and close the dialogue OR click <No> to close the         dialogue without deleting.

Removing Concept Groups

Because Concept Groups are shared by every project that accesses a given database, they may only be removed from the given project using the following procedure:

-   -   1. Right-click on the Concept Group to be removed and select         Remove from the right-click menu.

Units

Units are the primary form of response to user input. A response is what results from user input. Units ensure that the appropriate responses appear for the each user input. The response may be as simple as a plain text output, or as complex as a series of Application Calls (AppCalls) that trigger specific actions, or any combination thereof. When preparing a Unit, it is important to consider the kinds of questions to which it will respond. What are the key phrases or words that are likely to show up in questions that should trigger the Unit?

What question is the Unit supposed to answer? The answers to these questions will influence the user's choice of Concepts and the structure of the patterns.

In order to trigger the Unit, an input must match all the Concepts and Helper Terms in at least one of the input patterns of the Unit. It is often helpful to determine the Unit's response first, as that will in turn define which questions it will answer.

Units are organized into sets called Situation Groups according to their subject matter. Like Concept Groups, Situation Groups are placed under cascades, except they are set to “Best Match.” The placement of these cascades in the load order is usually last, because the Unit cascade outputs the response.

The Units Dockable Window

The Units dockable window, shown in FIG. 57, allows the user to view, create, and manage Units and Situation Groups through simple drag and drop functionality. You can also search for Units by name using the Search field. Units contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>, Add→Unit: Adds new Unit. <Edit>, Edit: Edits selected Situation or Unit. <Delete>, Delete: Deletes selected Situation or Unit. <Show Dependencies>: shows dependencies and Web Links for selected Unit. <Refresh>: Refreshes Units display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Approval Search Searches Content Management System for Units matching the Approval Status. <Search>: Executes search. Content Management System drop- down: Choose content management system assigned to current project. Approval Status drop-down: Chooses type of search. Approved Disapproved Pending Units Display lists responses and Units in their respective Situation Groups as follows: Situation Group Unit Unit Response Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Unit contains two right-click menus as shown in FIG. 58. One is accessed from the Situation Group, the other from the Unit. The right-click menus have the following components:

Component Description Add  →situation Group: opens Add New Situation. →unit: opens Unit Editor tab, with Situation field set to current Situation. Cascade Print Status Changes the print status of all Units in To All Units selected Situation to the print status of the (from Situation) Situation. Delete Deletes selected Concept or Concept Group Edit (from Situation) Opens Edit Situation window. Edit (from Unit)  →In Main Editor: opens Unit in  Unit Editor in main window.  →In Pop-Up Editor: opens Unit Builder in its own pop-up window. Generate Situation Generate FPML file for selected Situation. FPML (from Situation) Remove From Remove selected Situation Group from Application (from current project. Does not delete from database. Situation) The Situation Group can now be found in Unused Items. Request Submits selected Unit to Web Approval Approval (from Unit) Tool. Set Print Status Sets Print Status of selected item to:  Test  Production  InActive Show Applications Shows all applications in which selected (from Situation) Situation Group is used. Show Change Requests Opens Unit Requests window and shows all change requests for selected Unit. Show Dependencies Opens Dependencies window and shows all (from Unit) dependencies of selected Unit. Submit Child Units For Submits all Units in Selected situation to Approval (from the Web Approval Tool. Situation) View File Opens FPML file of selected Situation or Unit in Editor tab of the main window.

The Unit Editor Tab

The Unit builder function can be accessed through Unit Editor as shown in FIG. 59, or by right clicking on blank space in Units dockable window and selecting Add→unit, or by double clicking on any Unit in Units dockable window. The Unit builder function has three main tabs: Tests, Patterns, and Response, as well as a set of advanced tabs. Unit Editor contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar This field contains the following: <Add>: Adds a new Unit to a given group  <Show Dependencies>: Opens the Show Dependencies window, which displays all of the components affected by the Unit.  <Show In Main Tree>: Highlights Unit in Units dockable window. <Find In FPML File> Opens FPML file of current Unit in Editor tab. <Forward> & <Back>: Navigates between previously opened Units. <View Directives>: Opens Directives dockable window. <Open Directive Editor>: Opens Directive Builder with current Unit loaded. Situation  Drop-down list: Select the name of the Situation Group to which the Unit will belong. Name This field contains the name of the Unit. <Create> Creates new Unit. <Update> Saves any changes to Situation, Name, and Print Status fields. Print Status Change Print Status of Unit to the following options: Production Test InActive <Advanced View> Makes the Components, Match selection Condition, Comments, Response blocks, Nested Units, and Text-To-Speech tabs visible. Default: Not selected. Tabs The following default tabs are available normally: Tests: Allows user to manage test questions for Unit. Patterns: Allows user to manage input patterns for Unit.

Tests, as shown in FIG. 60, allows the user to create and edit test questions. Test questions represent user inputs that should cause the Unit to trigger. When looking at the set of test questions, it is best to consider the ideas involved. Ideal test questions should represent complete user inputs. In this manner, each Unit can be tested to see how it interacts with other Units. Test questions serve as a useful guide for the creation of input patterns. Tests contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar  The button bar contains the following: <Run Tests>: Runs tests on the questions input by the user for the Unit. <Reload Tests>: Reloads tests. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Edit Test Question>: Allows the user to edit the selected test question. <Delete>: Allows the user to delete the selected test question. <Set Question Active/Inactive>: Toggles active/inactive for a question. Default for all questions is Active. When inactive, tests are not performed on the question. <Debug Question>: Opens Debug tab, allowing the user to view the response generated in response to the question, and the processes leading up to said response. <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts used in the Unit input patterns, as well as all Units using those Concepts. Test Questions This field contains the following: Display: Displays all Test Questions input by the user, as well as their test status. A green circle indicates that the tests succeeded; a yellow circle indicates that the test has yet to be run or is InActive; and a red circle indicates that the test failed. Text Field: Type test questions here. <Add>: Adds test questions to the display. <Update>: Updates changes made to a test question. <Delete>: Deletes a selected test question.

The Tests tab also contains the right-click menu shown in FIG. 61 and includes the following components:

Component Description Delete Deletes selected test question. Debug Question Opens Debugger tab with selected test question loaded. Set Question Toggles selected test question between Active/InActive Active and InActive status Copy Text Copies selected test question into Windows clipboard. View Unit Hit Opens Unit Builder window with the Unit the test question responded with. Only available when test question does not hit current Unit.

The Patterns tab, as shown in FIG. 62, in the Unit builder looks and functions similarly to the patterns tab found in the Concept builder. Input patterns may consist of Concepts, Building Blocks, Helper Terms, lex types, input files, and Variables. Patterns contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Refresh>: Refreshes changes to patterns. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Add>: Adds a blank pattern to the display. <Edit>: Allows user to edit the name, Position, and Order/Proximity settings of a selected pattern. <Delete>: Deletes selected pattern. <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts used in the Unit input patterns, as well as all Units using those Concepts. Show Ignore Items checkbox: When selected, Ignore Concepts folders are visible. Any Concepts/file dropped in these folders will not be considered when that specific input pattern is evaluated. Default: not selected. Patterns Displays all the patterns created for the Unit. Input patterns are represented thusly: Active input pattern Inactive input pattern Edit Pattern Edit Pattern Position: Drop-down list determines where the pattern must be located in input in order to trigger the Unit. Choose between “Anywhere,” “Beginning,” “End,” “Entire,” or “Substitute.” Order Matters checkbox: When selected, the pattern will only trigger if the order of the input matches the order of the pattern. Default is selected. Proximity Matters checkbox: When selected, the pattern will only trigger if the inputs are adjacent to one another. Default is selected. <Save>: Saves changes to pattern name, location, and order/proximity selections. Note: Order Matters and Proximity Matters have no affect on Unit input patterns, except for use with AppEvents.

The Patterns tab also has the following right-click menu shown in FIG. 63 along with the following components:

Component Description Edit Opens pattern in the Edit Pattern display below. Delete Deletes selected pattern. Copy and Create New Pattern Creates an exact copy of selected pattern and places it as the last pattern in the display. Set Active/InActive Toggles selected pattern between Active and InActive status. Show Item in Tree Highlights selected Concept in Concepts dockable window.

Response Tab

The response tab, as shown in FIG. 64, allows the user to determine the response the Unit gives when triggered. Responses may contain plain text, or FPML tags. This response may also include internet URLs and Web Links. Response contains the following components:

Component Description Url This field contains the following: <Edit Url>: Opens Url Editor with current Urlloaded. <Remove All Url Items>: Removes Url from response. <Show In Tree>: Shows current Url in Url dockable window. <Add>: Opens two new fields for the purpose of creating a new Url: Uri: New Url name field. Label: New Url Label field. <Save>: Saves new Url. Only available through <Add> button. Uri: displays path for response. Label: displays label of Url for response. Auto Navigate To URL checkbox: When selected, the Unit's triggered response automatically redirects to the selected URL. When not selected, the URL will be displayed as a message link below the response. Drop-down list: list of all available URLs for the response. Web Links This field contains the following: <Edit Web Link>: Opens Web Link window with selected web link. <Remove Call To Web Link> removes selected Web Link from response.  <Show Web Link In Main Window>: Highlights selected Web Link in Web Links dockable window. <Move Call Order Up>: Moves selected Web Link up in relation to other Web Links. <Move Call Order Down>: Moves selected Web Link down in relation to other Web Links. Response This field is where the response is entered. <Save> Saves the settings for the response. <Cancel> Cancels all changes made to the response.

The right click menu shown in FIG. 65 is available from the Web Links display of the Response tab and has the following components:

Component Description Edit Web Link Opens selected Web Link in Web Link window. Edit Unit/Uri Opens selected Unit/Url in respective Units/Uris editors. Remove Web Link Call Removes selected Web Link call from response. Show Web Link In Main Shows selected Web Link in Web Links Tree dockable window. Move Call Order Up Moves selected Web Link up in relation to other Web Links. Move Call Order Down Moves selected Web Link down in relation to other Web Links. Set Print Status Change print status of selected item to the following options: Test Production InActive

One of the most powerful tools of ActiveAgent is the ability to direct a response to a particular web page. This is done by creating a Url in the Urls dockable window, shown in FIG. 66, then dragging it into the Response tab of the Unit Builder. The Urls dockable window contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar  The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new Url. <Edit>: Edits selected Url. <Delete>: Deletes selected Url. <Show Dependencies>: shows dependencies for selected Url. <Validate All Urls>: Checks the validity of all Urls. Invalid Urls are displayed with an icon. <View Url>: Open selected Url in a new web browser. <Set Web Server>: Opens Set Web Server Path. <Refresh>: Refreshes Uris display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Urls  Display lists of all Urls in the project: Url WrongUrl Unit that uses above Url. Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text.  <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Clicking the <Add> button or right-clicking→Add will open the Edit Url window shown in FIG. 67, which is used to both create and edit Urls. This window has the following components:

Component Description Label Text field containing the Active Lab display name for the Url. Link Name Text field containing the name displayed by the Agent. URI Text field containing the path for the Url <ViewUrl> Opens Url in new web browser. <Save> Save any changes to the Url, OR creates new Url. <Cancel> Closes window without saving.

Web Links

Web Links allow the user to include links directly to other Units and/or Urls along with a response. Web Links are created and edited from the Web Links dockable window shown in FIG. 68. They can be added to any number of responses by dragging the Web Link from the Web Links dockable window to the Web Links field in the Response tab of the Unit Builder.

The Web Links dockable window is separated into two folders: Links Containing Urls, and Links Containing Units. This is done for mainly organizational purposes. The Web Links dockable window contains the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new Web Link. <Edit>: Edits selected Web Link. <Delete>: Deletes selected Web Link. <Refresh>: Refreshes Uris display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Uris Display lists of all Uris in the project: Folder Web Link Url Unit Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search  Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Web Links are created and edited by selecting <Add> or by selecting right-click→Add to open the Web Links window, which is shown in FIG. 69. Web Links Editor has the following components:

Component Description Agent Link Name Text field containing the name displayed by the Agent. Lab Display Name Text field containing the name displayed by the Active Lab. Link Style Dropdown Choose between Standard and Default Navigation Type Dropdown chooses what type of link the Dropdown Web Link will use. There are three options: Main Window: Url will appear in the main web browser. PopUp: Url will appear in its own web browser window. Go To Unit: Units response will be displayed. Linked Object Field has two components: An icon showing whether the Web Link is one of the following: Url Unit The name of the Url or Unit used by the Web Link. <Save> Save any changes to the Url, OR creates new Url. <Cancel> Closes window without saving.

Advanced Tabs

These tabs may only be viewed when <Advanced View> is selected.

Tab Description Components This tab displays the Variables, function calls, AppCalls, and Record Lists associated with the Unit. Match Condition This tab allows the user to create and edit pre- and post-conditions. Comments This tab allows the user to leave comments on the Unit. Note: Comments do not in any way affect the functioning of the software, as they are intended to allow the user to comment on the thought processes and reasoning that went into the designing of the Unit. Response Blocks This tab allows the user to create response blocks in conjunction with the Response Blocks dockable window. Text-To-Speech This tab allows the user to attach an individual Text-To-Speech file to the Unit.

Response Blocks are responses shared by multiple Units in addition to the unique Unit-specific responses. Response Blocks can be manipulated via the Response Blocks dockable window, and the Response Blocks advanced tab found under the Units tab.

The Text-To-Speech tab allows the user to manually attach a voice file to a Unit and has the following features:

Tab Description Current Status This display has the following components Text Field: Displays the name of the Text-To-Speech file. <Browse>: Opens a Browse window to search for a Text-To- Speech File. <Remove>: Removes Text-To- Speech file listed in the Text Field. Status Shows the progress and results of the file import.

The following discussion describes various ways to create, test, and edit Units.

Creating a New Situation

To create a new situation, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the Units dockable window, right click on a Unit or         Situation and select Add→situation, which will open the Add New         Situation window shown in FIG. 70.     -   2. In the Situation field, type the desired name of the         Situation Group and hit <Tab> or <Enter>. The Counter Variable         field will auto populate.     -   3. Edit the Counter Variable if desired. Note: Counter Variables         can only be a single word.     -   4. Select a Print Status from the drop-down.     -   5. Select <Required> check box if desired, or skip to step 7.     -   6. Choose a Cascade Group from the drop-down menu.     -   7. Click <OK> to continue and save the changes OR click <Cancel>         to close Add New Situation without creating a new situation.

Adding New Units

-   -   1. In Units, select a Situation Group and click <Add> OR         right-click on a Situation Group and select Add→Unit from the         menu to open the Units tab.     -   2. Select the Situation which the Unit will belong to from the         drop-down menu.     -   3. Type in the Unit Name.     -   4. Click <Create>.

Adding Questions

Once the Unit has been created, test questions may be added under the Tests tab of the Unit Editor.

-   -   1. Type the question in the Test Questions field.     -   2. Press <Enter> or click <Add> to add the test question to the         Test Questions display.

Adding Responses

Each Unit has a response that occurs as a result of an input that matches any of its input patterns. As discussed above, this may be as simple as a single line of text or as complicated as an application action.

Though responses do not require URLs to function, they can benefit from the versatility associated with web pages. To add a URL to a response:

-   -   1. Open Uris dockable window.     -   2. Click and Drag selected Url from the Uris dockable window         into the Uri display in the Response tab.     -   3. Select Auto-Navigate to URL if desired.

To create the response itself:

-   -   1. Type in the desired response in the Response field.     -   2. Click the <Save> button to save the response OR click the         <Cancel> button to erase any changes made to the response.

Web Links allows the user to add links to additional web pages and/or Units in the response. To add a Web Link to a response:

-   -   1. Open Uris, Web Links, or Units dockable window.     -   2. Click and Drag selected Url, Web Link, or Unit from the         dockable window into the Web Links display in the Response tab.         Note: you may be prompted to create a Web Link at this point.     -   3. Use <Move Call Order Up> and <Move Call Order Down> as         desired.

Generating the Patterns

In order to generate a pattern for a Unit, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Patterns of Units, click <Add> to create a blank input         pattern.     -   2. Drag and drop any desired Concepts from the Concepts dockable         window into the blank pattern.     -   3. Drag and drop any desired Helper Terms from the Helper Terms         dockable window into the pattern.     -   4. Arrange the Concepts and Helper Terms as desired.     -   5. Select <Order Matters> and/or <Proximity Matters> as desired.         Note: no affect will be produced by this step unless AppEvents         are used.     -   6. Choose a pattern position from the Edit Pattern

Position drop-down menu.

-   -   7. Click <Save> to save any changes.     -   8. Click <Generate FPML (Changes Only) or <Generate All Fpml> or         to enter the pattern into the database if desired.

Use steps 1-7 to create as many patterns as desired. Note: You must double click on the pattern in order to later make any changes to the Position or <Order Matters> and <Proximity Matters> check boxes. Click <Save> to save these changes.

Testing the Patterns

In order to test the input patterns, use the following procedure similar to testing Concepts:

-   -   1. Click <Run Tests> in the Tests tab.     -   2. The dialogue box in FIG. 71 will only appear if changes have         been made to the database (i.e.: a pattern has been changed):     -   3. Click <Yes> to generate FPML (Changes Only) and run test or         Click <No> to not generate FPML. Note, select <Yes> if a pattern         was changed.     -   4. The dialogue box in FIG. 72 will only appear if <No> was         selected from the Generate Files dialogue box.     -   5. Click <Yes> to run tests, or click <No> to not run tests.     -   6. The status of each test question is displayed as a colored         ball next to the question. A green circle indicates success, a         yellow ball indicates the question was not tested, and a red         ball indicates failure. Questions that fail feature a brief         summary of the error(s) encountered.

To debug a failed question:

-   -   1. Right click on the test question.     -   2. Select Debug Question. This loads the selected question into         the debugger, and allows the user to see the processes that led         to the question's failure.

Editing a Unit

To edit a unit, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Double click on the Unit in the Units OR right click on the         Unit and select Edit→In Main Editor or Edit→In Pop-Up Editor.         Both methods have the same functionality.     -   2. Make any changes desired to Name, Situation, or Print Status         then click the <Update>.     -   3. Make any changes to individual input patterns. a. Select an         input pattern.         -   b. If desired, drag and drop a new Concept into the input             pattern.         -   c. If desired, select or de-select Order Matters.         -   d. If desired, select or de-select Proximity Matters.         -   e. If desired, select a Position.         -   f. Click <Save> to finalize the changes to the input             pattern.     -   4. Make any changes to test questions.     -   5. Make any changes desired to the response.

To delete a pattern, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired input pattern and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the selected input pattern and select Delete.     -   2. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the pattern or <No>         to close the window without deleting.

To deactivate a pattern, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Right-click on the desired pattern.     -   2. Select Set Active/Inactive from the right-click menu.

In the same way that patterns may be deactivated, the same may be done to entire Units.

-   -   1. In the main tab Tests, right-click the tests associated with         the desired Unit.     -   2. Select Set Active/Inactive from the right-click menu.

Test questions may be edited using the following procedure:

-   -   1. Double-click on the desired test question to open it in the         text field.     -   2. Make any desired changes to the text.     -   3. Click <Update>

Responses may be edited using the following procedure:

-   -   1. If desired, select a new URL by dragging it from the Urls         dockable window.     -   2. Make any changes desired to the text.     -   3. Click <Save>

Deleting a Unit

To delete a unit, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired Unit in Units.     -   2. Right click on the Unit and select Delete.     -   3. In the Confirm Delete window that appears, click <Yes> to         continue and delete the Unit OR select <No> to continue without         deleting the Unit.

Directives

Directives are the way conversation scenarios are created for ActiveAgent. They can take the form of a directed conversation, or a series of steps the user needs a person to follow. This section discusses in detail what directives are, along with the different windows that are associated with it, as well as how to implement them.

Definition of a Directive

A Directive can be thought of as a series of Units that are linked together by specific responses, forming conversations. These conversations can be triggered by events on a web page, or by a person's input to ActiveAgent.

Take this simple example:

-   -   Person: How are you?     -   ActiveAgent: I'm fine, thanks! How are     -   Person: you? Good.     -   ActiveAgent: I'm glad to hear that.

In this example, there are actually two Units being triggered. The first is the response of “I'm fine, thanks! How are you?” and the second Unit has the response “I'm glad to hear that.” The work of the Directive is to make the second Unit only accessible directly after the first Unit has triggered. The reason for this is to prevent ActiveAgent from responding with “I'm glad to hear that” anytime a person types is “Good.”

A single Directive is not limited to one conversation stream; it can have many branches, based on the variety of things a person could say to the question of “How are you?”

-   -   Person: How are you?     -   ActiveAgent: I'm fine, thanks! How are you?     -   Person: Not so good.     -   ActiveAgent: I'm sorry to hear that.

In this example, the same Unit response was hit, of “I'm fine, thanks! How are you?” but a different response is given.

Directive Trees

Directives are displayed in a Directive Tree, which is a series of responses that can branch out as many times and with as much complexity as the user wants.

In the following example, a single Unit, called the Parent Unit, is triggered. The conversation then flows into Child Units, or Units that can be accessed through Directives.

Initial input: “I want to buy a watch”

-   -   Unit 1 (Parent Unit)—“Great! Would you like a gold, silver, or         diamond watch?”         -   1. Response—“a diamond”             -   a. Unit 2—“would you like a small, medium, or large                 diamond watch?”                 -   i. Response—“small”                 -    1. Unit 5—“To purchase a small diamond watch,                     please . . . ”                 -   ii. Response—“medium”                 -    1. Unit 6—“To purchase a medium diamond watch,                     please . . . ”                 -   iii. Response—“large”                 -    1. Unit 7—“To purchase a large diamond watch,                     please . . . ”         -   2. Response—“a gold watch”             -   b. Unit 3 “would you like a small, medium, or large gold                 watch?”                 -   i. Response—“small”                 -    1. Unit 8—“To purchase a small gold watch, please .                     . . ”                 -   ii. Response—“medium”                 -    1. Unit 9—“To purchase a medium gold watch, please                     . . . ”                 -   iii. Response—“large”                 -    1. Unit 10—“To purchase a large gold watch, please                     . . . ”         -   3. Response—“a silver watch”             -   c. Unit 4—“would you like a small, medium, or large                 silver watch?”                 -   i. Response—“small”                 -    1. Unit 11—“To purchase a small silver watch,                     please . . . ”                 -   ii. Response—“medium”                 -    1. Unit 12—“To purchase a medium silver watch,                     please . . . ”                 -   iii. Response—“large”                 -    1. Unit 13—“To purchase a large silver watch,                     please . . . ”

As seen in this example, specific responses to a Unit that is set up as a Directive will produce other Units. If a person typed “small” and wasn't in a Directive, no Unit would be triggered. However, if “small” is typed in response to a particular Unit, a specific Unit is triggered. In this manner, conversations can be directed.

Another feature of Directives is that a Child Unit still has all the qualities of a regular Unit. This means that a Child Unit can also be accessed from outside the Directive. For example, Unit 3 from the above example can be set to always respond directly to the question, “Can I buy a gold watch?” even if its Parent Unit has never been triggered. Directive Dockable Window

Since Directives are simply Units that have Child Units, the Directives dockable window, as shown in FIG. 73, looks very similar to the Units dockable window. The major difference is that the Directives dockable window will only show Parent Units (Units that have Child Units and that have no Parental Unit above them). The Directives Dockable window has the following components:

Component Description Button Bar  The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Opens Directive Builder  with empty directive. <Edit>: Opens Directive Builder  for selected Directive. <Delete>: Deletes selected Directive. <Show Dependencies>: shows dependencies of selected Directive. Note: Currently Directives have no dependencies. <Refresh>: Refreshes Directives display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Directives  Display lists responses and Units in their respective Situation Groups as follows: Situation Group Unit Unprintable Unit Empty Directive Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Directive Builder

Directives are created and edited in the Directive Builder window. This window consists of two main Tabs:

-   -   Builder Tab: a quick easy way to create directive trees, and         responses, and links.     -   Advanced Tab: a tree view of the entire directive, as well as         testing and pattern building for Child Units.

Builder Tab

The Builder tab of the Directive Builder window, as shown in FIG. 74, is the easy place to create responses, add Urls and Web Links, and edit tests questions and has the following components:

Component Description Slide Show Display  This display has the following components: Main Slide: displays expected User Input and response of Parent Unit. Child Unit Slides: displays response input for Child Units. Click individual Child Unit Slide to view Child Unit response and view any additional Child Units of selected Unit. Right-Click menu: →Add Child: adds empty Child Unit to Directive at current place in Slide Show Display. →Delete: deletes current Child Unit. Chat Window Display This display gives an editable view of the selected Unit:  User Input: displays expected User Input. Click in this field to edit. Response: displays Agent Response. Click in this field to edit. Web Links: displays Web Links for current Unit. Drag Web Links here to add to Unit Response.  Unused Answer Links: displays Child Units that are not listed as Web Links for that Unit. Drag to Web Links above to add to Unit Response. This window also contains the following buttons. <Edit Web Link>: Opens Web Link window with selected web link. <Remove Call To Web Link> removes selected Web Link from response. <Show Web Link In Main Window>: Highlights selected  Web Link in Web Links dockable window. <Move Call Order Up>: Moves selected Web Link up in relation to other Web Links. <Move Call Order Down>: Moves selected Web Link down in relation to other Web Links. Browser Displays the website for the Url associated with current Unit. Url Field  This field is used to edit the Url for current Unit. This field contains the following components: <Edit Url>: Opens Url Editor with current Urlloaded. <Remove All Url Items>: Removes Url from response. <Show In Tree>: Highlights current Url in Uri dockable window. <Add>: Opens two new fields for the purpose of creating a new Url: Uri: New Url name field. Label: New Url Label field. <Save>: Saves new Url. Only available through <Add> button. Uri: displays Url for response. Label: displays label ofUrl for response. Auto Navigate To URL checkbox: When selected, the Unit's triggered response. When not selected, the URL will display as a message link.

Advanced Tab

The Advanced tab of the Directive Builder window, as shown in FIG. 75, is where the directive tree can be directly accessed, where patterns and test questions can be added, and where test can be run.

The Advanced tab contains three main sections:

-   -   Directive field: the location of the Directive Tree     -   Edit→Info tab: use this tab to add or modify patterns,         responses, test questions, Variables, and Urls.     -   Test tab: where all test questions can be run.

The Directive Tree is a tree view of the entire Directive. Each indent on the tree implies one level further into the tree. Branches on the same level of the tree are linked together with vertical lines.

To access many of the features of the Directives field, access the right click menu. The Directives field has the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds empty User Input or Response, based on which item is currently selected in the Directive Tree. <Edit>: Opens Unit Builder for selected Unit or response. <Remove>: Removes selected item from Directive Tree <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Refresh>: Refreshes Directives display. Show Uris checkbox: Toggles display ofUrls with responses in Directive Tree. Show Variables checkbox: Toggles display of Variables with responses in Directive Tree. Directive The Directive Tree uses the following Tree Icons: Complete Directive Branch: Indicates a branch of the Directive Tree that has at least a name, a response, and a user input. Incomplete Directive Branch: Indicates a branch of the directive tree that has yet to be completed. Directive Response: Displays response for its corresponding branch of the Directive Tree Incomplete Directive Response: Displays when no response exists for the corresponding branch of the Directive Tree. Unprintable Unit: Displays when a directive is incomplete due to missing user inputs, responses, or patterns Unit: Displays when Directive has all pieces considered to make it complete. Right-Click The Directive Tree uses the following right-click menu Menu options: Add Prompt/Agent Response: Add response to a branch if none exists. Add User Input: Add a branch to the Directive Tree under selected response. Edit: Opens Unit Builder with selected Unit loaded. Rename: Rename selected item Remove: Removes selected branch and all child branches underneath. Edit Unit: Opens Unit Builder with selected Unit loaded. Create Unit: Opens Unit Builder and creates new Unit from the selected branch. Show Unit In Tree: Highlights selected Unit in Units dockable window. Copy Input/Response: Make a copy of selected branch. Paste Input/Response: Pastes copied Input/Response into selected branch. Set Print Status: Sets Print Status of selected Unit to the following options: Test Production InActive Cascade Print Status To Children: Copies Print Status of selected branch to all child branches.

The Edit→Info tab, as shown in FIG. 76, allows changes to be made to individual branches of the Directive Tree. The use of this window is similar to the Unit Editor tab for adding test questions, editing responses, and adding patterns.

Test questions and patterns listed under the Edits Tab are Directive specific. This means that they only apply within the Directive, and cannot be accessed unless the previous point in the Directive has been hit. The Edit Info tab has the following components:

Component Description User Input The name of the branches displayed Display in the Directive Builder. Response The Response for the Unit is written Display here. Show As Link Check to show Directive Child as a checkbox Web Link. Link Name Displays the name of the Web Link shown for the Unit. User Input This tab contains the following: <Add New Match Condition>: Add test question to the Directive. <Edit Match Condition>: Edit selected test question. <Delete Match Condition>: Removes selected test question. <Refresh>: Refreshes Directives display. Show child user inputs checkbox: Toggles display of all questions that are associated with selected Unit from outside the Directive. Main window: displays all directive specific test questions for selected Unit. Text field: Field for typing new test questions.  Default User Input  checkbox: set selected test question as Default (the name in User Input Display field). Add: Add test question. Update: Saves changes to test question. Delete: Deletes selected test question. Additional  This tab contains the following: Patterns <Refresh>: Refreshes changes to patterns. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Add>: Adds a blank pattern to the display. <Edit>: Allows user to edit the name, position, and order/proximity settings of a selected pattern. <Delete>: Deletes selected pattern. <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts used in the Unit input patterns, as well as all Units using those Concepts. Show Ignore Items checkbox: When selected, Ignore Concepts folders are visible. Any Concepts/file dropped in these folders will not be considered when that specific input pattern is evaluated. Default: not selected. Show Child Patterns Checkbox: Toggles display of all patterns that are associated with selected Unit from outside the Directive. Patterns Main Window: all the patterns created for the Unit. Input patterns are represented thusly: Active input pattern Inactive input pattern Position: Drop-down list determines where the pattern must be located in input in order to trigger the Unit. Choose between “Anywhere,” “Beginning,” “End,” “Entire,” or “Substitute.” Order Matters checkbox: When selected, Unit only triggers on same order as input pattern. Selected by default. Proximity Matters checkbox: When selected, inputs must be next to one another in order to trigger Unit. Selected by default. <Save>: Saves changes to pattern name, location, and order/proximity selections. Note: Order Matters and Proximity Matters have no affect on Unit input patterns, except for use with AppEvents Additional Variables listed in this tab will only Variables trigger within the Directive. This tab also contains the following: <Edit>: Edit selected Variable <Delete>: Removes selected Variable. <Refresh>: Refreshes  Additional Variables tab. Url This field contains the following: <Edit Url>: Opens Uri Editor with current Urlloaded. <Remove All Url Items>: Removes Url from response. <Show In Tree>: Shows current Url in Uri dockable window. <Add>: Opens two new fields for the purpose of creating a new Url:  Uri: New Url name field.  Label: New Url Label field. <Save>: Saves new Url. Only available through <Add> button.  Uri: displays Url for response.  Label: displays label ofUrl for response. Auto Navigate To URL checkbox: When selected, the URL will display when the Unit is triggered. When not selected, URL will display as a message link below the response.

In the Tests tab, shown in FIG. 77, it is possible to test all the test questions for the Directive at the same time. For ease of use, the test questions are set up in a tree format that is identical to that found in the Directive Tree. When the tests are run, the results will show not just which test questions failed, but also in which branches of the Directive the test questions are failing.

Except for the fact that the tests are in the form of a tree, the functionality of Tests is very similar to the Tests tab from the Unit Editor. The Tests Tab has the following components:

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Run Tests>: Runs tests on the questions input by the user for the Unit. <Reload Tests>: Reloads tests. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Edit Test Question>: Allows the user to edit the selected test question <Delete Test Question>: Allows the user to delete the selected test question. <Set Question Active/Inactive>: Toggles active/inactive for a question. Default for all questions is Active. When inactive, tests are not performed on the question. <Debug Question>: Opens Debug tab, allowing the user to view the output generated in response to the question, and the processes leading up to said output.  <Test Potential Conflicts>: Opens Tests tab with all Concepts used in the Unit input patterns, as well as all Units using those Concepts. Test Questions This field contains the following: Display: Displays all Test Questions input by the user, as well as their test status. A green circle indicates that the tests succeeded; a yellow circle indicates that the test has yet to be run; and a red circle indicates that the test failed. Text Field: Type test questions here. <Add>: Adds test questions to the display. <Update>: Updates changes made to a test question. <Delete>: Deletes a selected test question.

Variables

This section describes the creation and editing of Directives using the Directive Builder, and Directives dockable window.

The Builder Tab

When the Directive Builder opens, it will default to the Builder tab. The Parent Unit will be displayed in the upper left corner. From this window, both the Parent Unit and the Child Unit can be edited, and an entire Directive Tree can be easily built. The Builder tab creates an easy way to build a Directive Tree, however patterns and test questions are added using the Advanced tab discussed below.

The left hand side of the Builder tab is a slide show view of the entire Directive. The uppermost slide will always be the Parent Unit of the entire Directive. Below it on smaller slides are all of the Child Units that are directly below it in the Directive Tree.

If a Child Unit is selected, it will increase in size and any of its Child Units will appear in as small slides below it. This can be repeated as long as there are more Child Units below each subsequent Child Unit.

Clicking on any Parent Unit will change the slide show view to show all Child Units of that Unit.

A Directive can be created in a variety of ways from a variety of places. The reason for this is because a Directive is simply multiple Units linked together in a series. This makes creating Directives very flexible.

There are three different ways to begin the process of creating a

Directive:

-   -   From an existing Unit (either from the Unit Editor tab or Unit         Builder window), click <Open Directive Editor> to open the         Directive Builder. If the Unit is not already used in a         Directive elsewhere, it will appear as the main Parent Unit in         the Directive Builder.     -   From the Directives dockable window, click <Add> to open the         Directive Builder.     -   From the Directives dockable window, right-click Add Directive         to open the Directive Builder.

When the Directive Builder opens, it will default to the Builder tab. The Parent Unit will be displayed in the upper left corner. All Child Units will be displayed below.

To add a Child Unit:

Right-click on the enlarged Child Unit and select→Add Child.

To add a Child Unit to an existing Child Unit:

-   -   1. Left click on desired Child Unit to bring it to the full size         of a Parent Unit     -   2. Right-click on the desired Parent Unit and select→Add Child.

To delete a Child Unit:

-   -   Right-click on the desired Child Unit and select→Delete.

Once a Parent Unit or Child Unit has been created its User Input display can be added or changed:

-   -   1. Left Click on desired Parent Unit or Child Unit in the Slide         Show Display.     -   2. Click in the field labeled User Input in the Chat Window         display.     -   3. Type desired User Input.

Once a Parent Unit or Child Unit has been created its Response can be added or changed:

-   -   1. Left Click on desired Parent Unit or Child Unit in the Slide         Show Display.     -   2. Click in the field labeled Response in the Chat Window         display.     -   3. Type desired Response.

Once a Parent Unit or Child Unit has been selected, its Web Links can be added and removed, and the order of the Web Links modified.

-   -   1. Open Uris, Web Links, or Units dockable window.     -   2. Click and Drag selected Url, Web Link, or Unit from the         dockable window into the Web Links display in the Response tab.         Note: you may be prompted to create a Web Link at this point.     -   3. Use <Move Call Order Up> and <Move Call Order Down> as         desired.

Unused Answer Links, listed below Web Links, are the Child Units of the selected Unit. They can be added as Web Links to the Unit by clicking and dragging them from Unused Answer Links to the Web Links field.

Web Links can be removed from the Unit by clicking the <Remove> button.

Urls can be added and removed from the Unit response in a Directive using the same steps as a regular Unit.

-   -   1. Open Uris dockable window.     -   2. Click and Drag selected Url from the Uris dockable window         into the Uri display in the Response tab.     -   3. Select Auto-Navigate to URL if desired.

The Advanced Tab

When the Directive Builder window opens, it will default to the Builder tab, as shown in FIG. 78. Click Advanced to view the Advanced tab.

The Advanced tab allows an entire directive to be built and maintained. It includes all the functionality of the Builder tab, just in a different form. It also has the ability to add test questions, add patterns, and actually test the Directive. This section describes the process.

There are two ways to create a Parent Unit. Using Existing Units:

-   -   1. Drag any existing Unit from the Units dockable window onto         “Missing User Input” in the main Directive Tree window of the         Directive Builder.     -   2. Click <Yes> when prompted to replace the node.

To create a new Parent Unit from the Directive Builder:

-   -   1. Right-click on the Missing User Input and select→Add         Prompt/Agent Response. An unfinished response will appear below         the Unit.     -   2. Type a name for the response in the Agent Response field and         press <Enter>.     -   3. Type a user input that will display as the name of the Unit         in the User Input Display on the it Info tab to the right.

Once a Parent Unit is set in the Directive Tree, you can now add possible user responses. Each response will be considered a Child Unit, therefore only add one response per Child Unit desired. There are two ways to add a Child Unit:

Note: These processes can be used on any branch of the Directive Tree to create Child Units for any branch.

Using Existing Units:

-   -   1. Drag any existing Unit from the Units dockable window onto         the response of the Parent Unit. This becomes the new Child         Unit.     -   2. Enter response in User Input Display in the Edit Info tab to         the right.     -   3. Change the Response Display in Edit Info tab to the right if         desired. This will also change the Unit's name in the Unit         Editor as well.

Creating a new Child Unit:

-   -   1. Right-click on the response of the desired Parent Unit and         select→Add User Input.     -   2. Type the response name in the Input Display in the Edit→Info         tab to the right and press <Enter>.     -   3. Type a name for the Unit Response in the Response Display in         the Edit Info tab to the right and press <Enter>.

Units that are created in the Directive Builder do not technically exist until they are officially created. This is done by right-clicking on the selected Directive and selecting→Create Unit. The Unit Builder window will open. You may edit the Unit as necessary, or close the window.

Once the Unit is created, it can be found in its corresponding Situation Group in the Units window, or by selecting→Edit Unit from the right-click menu. Patterns and test questions created from the Unit Editor can be accessed from outside the Directive, while patterns and test question created inside the Directive Builder will only operate when in the Directive.

There are three ways to edit both the User Input Display and Response Display:

-   -   Left click twice slowly on any input or response in the         Directive Tree to open a text field to edit the item.     -   Right-click on any input or response in the Directive Tree and         select→Rename to open a text field to edit the item.     -   With the Edit Info tab open, left-click on any input or response         to make that Unit display on the Edit Info tab. The User Input         Display and Response Display can now be directly edited.

To delete any branch of the Directive Tree, including any Child Units of that branch:

-   -   1. Select Unit to be deleted by left clicking on either the         response or User Input.     -   2. Click <Remove> or right-click and select→Remove.     -   Note: Removing a Unit from the Directive Builder does not delete         the Unit from the project if it has already been created.

Adding Test Questions within a Directive

To add test questions that will only apply within the Directive, follow these steps:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the User Input tab under the Edit Info tab.

Type test question into the text field and press <Enter> or <Add>. Repeat this step as many times as desired.

To add test questions that will only apply within the Directive, follow these steps:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the User Input tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Select Test question and click <Delete> OR double click on         selected test question so it appears in the text field and click         <Delete>. Repeat this step as desired.

To edit test questions within a Directive, follow these steps:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the User Input tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Select Test question and click either <Edit> or double click         on the test question. It will appear in the text field below.     -   4. Edit the test question in the text field.     -   5. Press <Enter> or click <Update>. Repeat steps 3-5 as many         times as desired.

Adding Patterns to Child Units

Adding a pattern to a Child Unit within the Directive will limit that pattern to work only in the Directive. Adding these patterns is done in the exact same way as it is done in the Patterns tab of the Unit Editor.

-   -   1. In Additional Patterns of Edit Info, click <Add> to create a         blank input pattern.     -   2. Drag and drop any desired Concepts from the Concepts dockable         window into the blank pattern.     -   3. Drag and drop any desired Helper Terms from the Helper Terms         dockable window into the pattern.     -   4. Arrange the Concepts and Helper Terms as desired.     -   5. Select <Order Matters> and/or <Proximity Matters> as desired.         Note: Currently, these options only affect AppEvents.     -   6. Choose a pattern position from the Edit Pattern Position         drop-down menu.     -   7. Click <Save> to save any changes.     -   8. Use steps 1-7 to create as many patterns as desired. Note:         You must double click on the pattern in order to later make any         changes to the Position or <Order Matters> and <Proximity         Matters> check boxes. Click <Save> to save these changes.     -   9. Click <Generate FPML (Changes Only) or <Generate All Fpml> or         to enter the pattern into the database if desired.

To edit patterns within a directive, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the Additional Patterns tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Select pattern and click either         <Edit> or double click on the pattern. It will appear in the         Edit Pattern field below.     -   4. Edit the pattern by either dragging and dropping new Concepts         into the input pattern or deleting Concepts.     -   5. If desired, select or de-select Order Matters.     -   6. If desired, select or de-select Proximity Matters.     -   7. If desired, select a Position.     -   8. Click <Save> to finalize the changes to the input pattern if         steps 5, 6 or 7 were followed.

To delete patterns within a directive perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the Additional Patterns tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Select the desired input pattern and click         <Delete> OR right-click on the selected input pattern and select         Delete.     -   4. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the pattern or <No>         to close the window without deleting.

To deactivate patterns within a directive, perform the following procedure. When set inactive, a pattern will not trigger the Unit when matched.

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the Additional Patterns tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Right-click on the desired pattern.     -   4. Select Set Active/Inactive from the right-click menu.

Additional Variables within a Directive

To add a Variable to a Directive, drag and drop any chosen Variable from the Components dockable window into the Additional Variables tab under Edit Info.

Adding a Url within a Directive

Though responses do not require URLs to function, they can benefit from the versatility associated with web pages. To add a URL to a response:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the Url tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Open Urls dockable window.     -   4. Click and Drag selected Url from the Urls dockable window         into the Uri display in the Url tab.     -   5. Select Auto-Navigate to URL if desired.

To remove a URL from a response:

-   -   1. Select chosen Child Unit by left-clicking on it in the         Directive Tree.     -   2. Select the Url tab under the Edit Info tab.     -   3. Select         <Remove All Url Items>.

Testing Directives

To test only the test questions associated with the Directive, follow these steps:

-   -   1. Select the Tests tab from the Advanced tab within the         Directive Builder.     -   2. Click <Run Tests>. The dialogue box shown in FIG. 79 will         only appear if changes have been made to the database (i.e.: a         pattern has been changed).     -   3. Click <Yes> to generate FPML (Changes Only) and run test or         Click <No> to not generate FPML. The following dialogue box will         only appear if <No> was selected from the Generate Files         dialogue box.     -   4. Click <Yes> to run tests, or click <No> to not run tests in         the box shown in FIG. 80.

The status of each test question is displayed as a colored ball next to the question. A green circle indicates success, a yellow ball indicates the question was not tested, and a red ball indicates failure. Questions that fail feature a brief summary of the error(s) encountered.

To debug a failed question:

-   -   1. Right click on the test question.     -   2. Select Debug Question. This loads the selected question into         the debugger, and allows the user to see the processes that led         to the question's failure.

Variables

Variables are means by which the KB may store information captured in a conversation for later use. This section discusses Variables and Record Lists as they fit into Units and Concepts.

Components Dockable Window

Variables and Record Lists are accessed via Components, along with AppCalls. The Components dockable window is shown in FIG. 81 and includes the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Opens Variable, Record List, Function, and AppCall Editors, depending on which is currently highlighted. <Edit>: Opens Variable, Record List, Function, and AppCall Editors, depending on which is currently highlighted.  <Delete>: Deletes selected item. <Show Dependencies>: shows dependencies and web links for selected Unit.  <Refresh>: Refreshes  Components display. <New Window>: Opens a copy of the current window. <Collapse All>: Collapses entire tree. <Expand All>: Expands entire  tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigate between searches. Components display Shows all available Variable Types, Variables, and Record Lists thusly: Variable type Variable Variable that is saved in Chat Logs Record List Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

The above components only apply to Variables and Record Lists.

Variables

Variables are components used for profiling and contextualization. When used for profiling, they log a site user's activities on the user's site, and any information they might divulge, such as name, IP address, e-mail address, or credit card number.

Variables are means by which a user may allow certain Units to trigger only in specific situations. Much like Directives, they allow for greater specificity in a Unit's functioning. The user may specify the type of Variable, the Variable's name, and the Variable's initialization value (be it true/false, empty string, or other value). Furthermore, the user may specify whether Variable information is saved in the chat logs. Note: If the Save In Chat Logs selection is not checked, all information gained from the Variable will be lost when the site-user leaves the chat. Save In Chat must be selected to view the information at a later time.

Variables are grouped together by type. This is done mostly for organizational purposes. There are three categories of Variables:

-   -   System Variables: System Variables are set by the Context IQ         Engine.     -   Application Variables: Application Variables are set by the         parent application.     -   User-defined Variables: These variables can represent a single         value, an array, or a Record List.

By clicking on Variables, and selecting <Add> or selecting a Variable Type and selecting <Edit>, the Variable Type window shown in FIG. 82 will appear. Variable Type includes the following components:

Component Description Name Name of the Variable Type. Make Public checkbox Makes Variable publicly available if selected. <Save> Saves changes made. <Cancel> Closes window without saving changes made.

Variable Editor, shown in FIG. 83, allows the user to create and edit specific Variables and includes the following components:

Component Description Variable Type drop-down/ Select type from list. field Name Name of the Variable. Initialization Value The value of the Variable at the start of every session. There are three options: Do Not Initialize: If selected, Variable will not initialize. Clear When Initializing: If selected, value = “.” Set Initialize Value: Variable is set to the entered initialization Variable. Setup Action The action selected in this field will be performed prior to the processing of each input. There are four options: None: Nothing is done. Clear: Value of Variable is cleared. Set Initialize Value: Variable is set to the entered initialization Variable. Increment by one: value of Variable will increase by one. Save In Chat Logs checkbox If selected, chat logs record usage of Variable in question. <Save> Saves changes made to Variable. <Cancel> Closes window without saving changes.

View Variable Initialization and Setup

Selecting→Admin→View Variable Initialization And Setup will open the Variables window. The Variables window is a list of all Variables associated with the project, as well as what value the Variables are set to at either initialization or setup (before each User Input).

The Variables window, shown in FIG. 84, is broken up into four distinct columns:

-   -   Variable: This column displays the name of the Variable.     -   Initialization Action: This column displays what is done to the         Variable at the beginning of each session. A Variable can be set         to a value, cleared, or not initialized at all.     -   Initialization Value: This column displays the value the         Variable is set to at either initialization or setup.     -   Setup Action: This column displays what action is taken before         every user input.

The Variables window also contains the following right-click menu:

Component Description Edit Name Opens field to edit the name of the Variable. Edit Initialization Opens drop-down to change Initialization Action. Edit Value Opens field to edit Initialization Value Edit Setup Action Opens drop-down to change Setup Action field. Open In Editor Opens selected item in Variable Editor.

Record Lists

Record Lists are lists of Variables that work in conjunction with one another. They are used when information should be grouped together and when an unspecified number of values is possible.

The Record List Editor, shown in FIG. 85, allows the user to specify the name of the Record List, the index Variable name, and the required parameters and includes the following components:

Component Description Main This field contains the following: Name: Input field for the name of the Record List. <Save>: Saves Record List to the project. This button must be clicked in order to add parameters. Index Variable Name: Text input field for name of index Variable. Clear on Initialization checkbox: When selected, clears Record List once initialized. Required Parameters This field contains the following: <Edit Required Parameter>: Allows user to edit selected required parameter in Required Parameters field. <Delete Required Parameter>: Deletes selected required parameter. Display: Lists all required parameters. Text input field: Required parameters typed here. <Add>: Adds field input to display list, saves parameter. <Update>: Updates changes made to selected desired parameter. <Delete>: Deletes selected required parameter. <Close> Closes window.

Record List configuration appears whenever a Record List is added to a Concept, Unit; or Response Block. The Configure Record List window, shown in FIG. 86, will open automatically and includes the following components:

Component Description Parameter display list List of available parameters Parameter display Selected parameter. <Select Parameter Value Choose between the following: Type> radio selection <Select from a Variable>: Assigns parameter value from a Variable already assigned. <Select from a Record List>: Pulls value from another Record List. <Type in a value>: Specific typed input. <Set from pattern>: Select one of the following values to assign to the parameter: Wild card Input File Lex Type Value field/drop-down Value to assign to current parameter. <Back> Navigates to previous parameter. <Next> Navigates to next parameter. <Finish> Closes window with changes saved. <Cancel> Closes window without saving changes. Select A Value Appears when no value is selected.

The following section discusses the procedures involved in creating, maintaining, and using Variables and Record Lists.

Managing Variables and Record Lists

This sub-section deals with creating, editing and deleting Variables and Record Lists. These operations are performed via Components. To create variable types, perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 87:

-   -   1. Select “Variables” and click         <Add> OR right-click on “Variables” and select Add.     -   2. In Variable Type, type in a Name for the Variable Type     -   3. If desired select the Make Public check box.     -   4. Click <Save> to save the Variable Type OR click <Cancel> to         close the window without saving.

To edit an existing variable type:

-   -   1. Select the desired Variable Type in Components and click         <Edit> OR double-click on the desired Variable Type OR         right-click on the desired Variable Type and select Edit from         the right-click menu.     -   2. In Variable Type, make any changes to Name or Make Public.     -   3. When finished, click <Save> to close the window and save         changes, OR click <Cancel> to close the window without saving         changes.

To create variables perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 88:

-   -   1. In Components, select a Variable Type and click <Add> OR         right-click on a Variable Type and select Add from the         right-click menu.     -   2. In Variable Editor, select Variable Type from the         drop-down-list. Defaults to the Variable Type you were on when         you clicked <Add>.     -   3. Select a Variable Type from the dropdown     -   4. Type in a Name for the Variable.     -   5. Select an Initialization Value from one of the radio buttons.         -   a. If <Set Initialize Value> is selected, enter a value in             the appropriate field.     -   6. Select a Setup Action from one of the radio buttons.     -   7. If desired, select Save in Chat Logs. Default is unchecked.     -   8. Click <Save> to save the Variable and close the window OR         click <Cancel> to close the window without saving the Variable

To edit variables, perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 89:

-   -   1. In Components, select the desired Variable and click <Edit>         OR double-click on the desired Variable OR right-click on the         desired Variable and select Edit from the right-click menu.     -   2. In Variable Editor, make any changes to Variable Type, Name,         Initialization Value, Setup Action, or Save in Chat Logs as         needed.     -   3. Click <Save> to close the window and save all changes made OR         click <Cancel> to close the window without saving changes.

To delete variables:

-   -   1. In Components, select the desired Variable and click <Delete>         OR right-click on the desired Variable and select Delete from         the right-click menu.     -   2. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the Variable OR         click <No> to close the window without deleting the Variable.

To creating record lists, perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 90:

-   -   1. In Components, select “Record Lists” and click”” <Add> OR         right-click on “Record Lists” and select Add.     -   2. In Record List Editor, type in a Name.     -   3. Type in an Index Variable Name. Note: This must be different         from the name of the Record List. A common means of doing this         while making the association between the index Variable and         Record List clear is to simply type the name of the Record List,         followed immediately by “index” Thus, the index Variable for         Record List “state” would be “stateindex”     -   4. Click <Save>.     -   5. If desired, select Clear on Initialization. If selected, this         will set Record List name to“.” and set index to “O”.     -   6. Type a desired required parameter in Required Parameters         input field.     -   7. Click <Add>.     -   8. Repeat steps 6 & 7 as often as desired.     -   9. When finished, click <Close>.

To edit record lists, perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 91

-   -   1. In Components, select the desired Record List and click         <Edit> OR double-click on the desired Record List OR right-click         on the desired Record List and select Edit.     -   2. In Record List Editor, make any changes to Name or Index         Variable Name desired.     -   3. Click <Save>.     -   4. To edit a required parameter:         -   a. Select the desired required parameter.         -   b. Make any changes in the Required Parameters field.         -   c. Click <Update> to make the changes, or click <Delete> to             remove the required parameter.     -   5. When finished, click <Close>.

To deleting record lists, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Components, select the desired Record List and click         <Delete> OR right-click on the Record List and select Delete         from the right-click menu.     -   2. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the Record List from         the project OR click <No> to close the window without deleting.

Using Variables and Record Lists

When Variables and Record Lists are placed in a Concept or Unit, they are assigned a value. This sub-section concerns the assigning of value for Variables and Record Lists.

To set variables in concepts and units, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the desired Unit or Concept in the appropriate tab.     -   2. Select Advanced View.     -   3. Open Components as shown in FIG. 92.     -   4. Drag the desired Variable from Components to the tab.     -   5. In Variable Value Editor, as shown in FIG. 93, type in the         desired value in the Set Value To field. This value will         henceforth be available for all other Variables in the drop-down         list.     -   6. When finished, click <Save> to close the window and save the         Variable OR click <Cancel> to close the window without saving         the Variable.     -   7.

To remove variables from concepts and units, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the Concept or Unit in question in the appropriate tab.     -   2. Select Advanced Tabs     -   3. Open Components.     -   4. Select the Variable in question and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the Variable in question and select Delete from         the right-click menu.     -   5. In Confirm Remove Variable, click <Yes> to remove the         Variable from the Concept or Unit OR click <No> to close the         window without removing the Variable.

To set record lists in concepts and units, perform the following procedure in connection with FIG. 94:

-   -   1. Open the Concept or Unit in the appropriate tab.     -   2. Select Advanced View.     -   3. Open Components.     -   4. Drag and drop the desired Record List from Components into         Components.     -   5. In Configure Record List, select the Parameter Value Type         from the radio buttons for each parameter.     -   6. Select a Value from the drop-down list.     -   7. Click <Next>.     -   8. Repeat steps 5-7 for each parameter.     -   9. When finished, click <Finish> to close the window and add the         Record List to the Concept or Unit OR click <Cancel> to close         the window without setting values for the Record List.

To removing a record list from a concept or unit, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the Concept or Unit in the appropriate tab.     -   2. Select Advanced View.     -   3. Open Components.     -   4. Select the Record List in question and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the Record List and select Delete from the         right-click menu.     -   5. In Confirm Remove Record List, click <Yes> to remove the         Record List from the Concept or Unit OR click <No> to close the         window without removing the Record List.

Advanced Vocabulary

Advanced vocabulary refers to items that may be used to add greater flexibility to Concepts and Units, as well as discern the differences between various types of inputs. This section describes Variables, lex types, Wild Cards, and input files.

Lex Types

Lex types classify user inputs to further specify what is to be matched. Lex types function as placeholders that determine the type of input that is recognized. For instance, lex types are used to differentiate between numerical inputs and word inputs, or between units of weight and units of distance.

Lex Types includes a dockable window, shown in FIG. 95, which provides the user with a means by which lex types may be created, edited, and deleted. Lex Types contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar  The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds a new lex type. <Edit>: Opens Lex Builder with selected lex type loaded. <Delete>: Deletes selected lex type. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts in which the selected lex type appears. <Refresh>: Reloads the Lex Types display list. <New Window>: Opens a copy of the current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Lex Types Displays available lex types, represented thusly: Lex type Search Tree  This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Lex files are static files that are edited manually using a text editor or the Editor tab. They may be added to a project through the lab by means of a Lex Builder component. A Lex Builder window is shown in FIG. 96 and includes the following components.

Component Description Name Input field for lex type name Display Name Input field for display name of lex type. <Save> Saves lex type to project. <Cancel> Closes window without saving lex type to project.

Wild Cards are place-holders that allow the user to create more flexible input patterns for Concepts. A Wild Card is placed between two Vocab Terms to indicate that there may be any words in between the Vocab Terms. There are three Wild Cards, and they are applicable to all projects:

-   -   Match Any: this Wild Card can hold the place of zero or more         words.     -   Match One: This wildcard holds the place of one and only one         unspecified word in a pattern.     -   Match One or More: This Wild Card holds the place of one or more         words.

Wild cards includes a dockable window shown in FIG. 97 and includes the following components.

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new Wild Card. Note: While it is theoretically possible to add a new Wild Card, the existing ones are all that are needed. <Edit>: Edits selected Wild Card. Note: Do not do this without consultation of development team. <Delete>: Deletes selected Wild Card. Note: Do not do this without consultation of development team. <Show Dependencies>: Dependencies are not supported for Wild Cards. <Reload>: Refreshes Wild Cards display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Wild Cards Displays all available Wild Cards, which are indicated thusly: Wild Card Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

The Wild Card Builder, shown in FIG. 98, allows the user to create and edit a Wild Card's settings and has the following components.

Component Description Name Wild Card name Output The symbol used to indicate Wild Cards presence in match data. Match All: [*] Match One or More: [+] Match One: [.] <Save> Saves Wild Card. <Cancel> Closes window without saving Wild Card.

Input Files are lists of words in a text file (*.txt). They are used as substitutes for large groups of words, such as names and locations. An Input File can be placed in the pattern for a Concept just like a single Vocab Term. The pattern for the Concept will then trigger if any word in the Input File is hit, much like a Building Block.

Once an Input File has been created, it can be compared against all Vocab in the KB. Any overlapping words are converted to Vocab in the Input File. In this way, common misspellings can be included if a word has already been assigned to a Vocab Term. Input files are accessed via a dockable window of the same name, illustrated in FIG. 99 and having the following components.

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new input file. <Edit>: Opens Input File Builder with selected input file open. <Delete>: Deletes selected input file. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts in which the selected input file appears. <Refresh>: Refreshes Input Files display <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Input Files Displays all available input files for the project thusly: Input File Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches.

Input File Builder, shown in FIG. 100, is used to create and edit input files. Each word or phrase should be on its own line of the text file. Input File Builder has the following components.

Component Description File Narne Text input field for the file name. <Browse>: Allows user to browse for existing text file. Display Name Name as it appears in the Active Lab. Print As Vocab checkbox Check to enable contents of the Input File to be generated as Vocab. Input File tab Enter words and phrases here. One per line. Vocab Output tab Input File is converted to existing Vocab here. This tab contains the following: <Create Vocab Output>: replaces entries with Vocab Terms if they exist and displays the results in the Vocab Output field. <Save Output>: Opens Browse window to save the Vocab output. Vocab Results display: shows the Input File contents after <Create Vocab Output> has been pressed. Search Tree This field is used to: Allows user to search for specific text in the input file tree. <Search>: Executes search. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. <Save> Saves input file. <Cancel> Closes Input File Builder without saving additions.

The next section deals with the procedures involved in managing lex types and input files. As mentioned above, lex types are created as part of the overall lex file, which is created manually by the administrator.

To add a lex type to a project, use the following procedure. Note that corresponding FPML must be manually entered into the static file *.lex before this will have any affect.

-   -   In Lex Types, click <Add> OR right click anywhere in the window         to open a right-click menu and select Add.     -   In the Name field (FIG. 101), input the name of the desired lex         type.     -   Type the desired Display Name in the appropriate field. While         this name may be any name, it would be best to stick to a name         that accurately represents the lex type's function.     -   Click <Save> to close Lex Builder and add the lex type to the         project OR click <Cancel> to close the window without adding the         lex type to the project.

To edit lex types, use the following procedure in connection with FIG. 102:

-   -   1. In Lex Types, double-click on the desired lex type OR select         the desired lex type and click <Edit> OR right-click on the         desired item to open a right-click menu and select Edit.     -   2. Make any changes desired to the Name and/or Display Name         fields.     -   3. Click <Save> to close the window and save changes OR click         <Cancel> to close the window without saving.

Lex types may be added to the input patterns of Concepts just like any other form of vocabulary. To do so, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the desired Concept in Concept Editor.     -   2. Select Patterns.     -   3. Create an input pattern OR open a previously existing input         pattern.     -   4. In Lex Types, drag the desired lex type into the desired         pattern.     -   5. Make any desired changes to Position, Order and Proximity.     -   6. Click <Save>.

To delete a lex type from a project, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Lex Types, select the desired file and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the desired file to open a right-click menu and         select Delete.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <OK> to delete the file         OR click <Cancel> to close the dialogue without deleting the lex         type.

Managing Wild Cards

This sub-section deals with creating, editing, and adding Wild Cards to Concepts.

In one or more embodiments, Wild Cards are created by the administrator only. To add a Wild Card to a Concept input pattern, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the Wild Cards dockable window, click and drag the desired         Wild Card into an input pattern in the Concepts Patterns tab.     -   2. Change the order of the input pattern as desired.     -   3. Make any changes to Position, Order, and Proximity selections         as desired.     -   4. Click <Save>

Input files are manipulated primarily through Input Files. This sub-section outlines the procedures involved in creating, editing, and deleting input files.

Creating Input Files

-   -   1. In Input Files, click <Add> OR right-click in the window and         select Add from the right-click menu.     -   2. In Input File Builder (FIG. 103), type a file name into the         File Name field OR browse for an existing file using <Browse>.         Note: the File Name must end with the file extension *.txt.     -   3. Enter desired word or phrase on one line in File Contents.         Repeat as often as desired.     -   4. Select Vocab Output tab, or skip to step 8.     -   5. Select <Create Vocab Output>.     -   6. Review Vocab Results to ensure proper results.     -   7. Click <Save Output>. This will open a Browse window to select         a name and location of the output file.     -   8. Click <Save>.

Editing Input Files 1. Double-click on the desired input file in Input Files

OR right-click on the desired input file and select Edit from the right-click menu.

-   -   2. Make any changes desired in Input File Builder and click         <Save> OR click <Cancel> to close the window without saving         changes.     -   3. Select Vocab Output tab, or skip to step 6.     -   4. Select <Create Vocab Output>.     -   5. Review Vocab Results to ensure proper results.     -   6. Click <Save Output>. This will open a Browse window to select         a name and location of the output file.

Adding Input Files to Concepts

-   -   1. Open the desired Concept in Concept Editor.     -   2. Open Patterns.     -   3. Create a blank input pattern by clicking <Add>.     -   4. In Input Files, select the desired input file.     -   5. Drag the desired input file from Input Files to the blank         input pattern.     -   6. Add any desired Vocab Terms, Helper Terms, or Building         Blocks.     -   7. Make any changes to Position, Order, and Proximity.     -   8. Click Save>

Deleting Input Files

-   -   1. In Input Files, select the desired Input File and click         <Delete> OR right-click on the input file and select Delete in         the right-click menu.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete box, select <OK> to delete the input         file from the project OR click <Cancel> to close the box without         deleting.

Advanced Response Items

This section deals with advanced response items, specifically Dynamic Functions, AppCalls, Conditional Statements and Response Blocks. All of these items are used primarily, though not exclusively, in response-related capacities.

This section examines the principles behind Conditional Statements, AppCalls, Response Blocks, and Dynamic Functions.

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements represent the necessary prerequisites for a specific action being taken. They are used in Response Blocks and often for data-mining operations. In such situations, the conditional statement is a pre-established Variable value. The value of this Variable will then determine the way in which a Unit that contains the given Response Block functions. For instance, a Unit might respond differently based upon whether the user registers as male or female. The user's gender thus functions as the pre-condition of the Response Block.

Components Window

AppCalls are accessed via Components (FIG. 104), along with the previously mentioned Variables and Record Lists. Components contains the following AppCall-related components.

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>, Add: Creates new AppCall. <Edit>, Edit: Opens AppCall Editor with selected AppCall open. <Delete>, Delete: Deletes selected AppCall from project. <Show Dependencies>, Show Dependencies: Shows all Units and Concepts in which the selected AppCall appears. <Refresh>: Refreshes Components display. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Components Display list of all available components. display AppCalls are listed thusly: AppCalls Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. Right-click This right-click menu contains the menu following: →Add: Creates new AppCall. → Edit: Opens AppCall Editor for the selected AppCall. →Delete: Deletes selected AppCall from project. →show Dependencies: Opens Show Dependencies window for selected AppCall. Search Usage: Opens Search Usage window.

AppCalls

AppCalls, short for “Application Calls,” are a form of response wherein an external application is used. For example, a Unit might have an AppCall that opens a new program or fills out a form when triggered.

The AppCall consists of two parts. The first is the call to the outside application.

The second part of an AppCall is to define what parameters (ex: the value of a Variable) needs to be passed along with the AppCall.

AppCall Editor (FIG. 105) contains the following components:

Component Descriptio Name Text field that contains the name of the AppCall Type Drop-down that gives options for the type of AppCall. Select Php if generating FPML for ActiveAgent, the remaining if used for that corresponding product. Output Type Drop-down that gives options for the type of output for the AppCall. Standard: For products other than ActiveAgent or older versions of ActiveAgent. Xml: For all current ActiveAgent products. Required Parameters Parameters are placeholders for data that will be passed to an external application. This field contains the following: <Edit>: Edits selected required parameter. <Delete>: Deletes selected required parameter. Display: List of all required parameters in AppCall. Text input field: Input required parameters here. <Add>: Adds input to Required Parameters display. <Update>: Updates input. <Delete>: Deletes selected required parameter. <Save> Adds AppCall to Components. <Close> Closes window.

Configure AppCall Window

The Configure AppCall window (FIG. 106) will appear when a particular AppCall is brought into a Unit and contains the following components.

Component Description Parameters List of all available parameters. <Set Parameter Value Specifies what information is sent with the Type> radio AppCall. Choose from the following: selection <Select From a Variable>: Sets parameter as a pre-assigned Variable <Select From a Record List>: Sets the parameter to a previously assigned Record List. <Type In a Value>: Sets the parameter to a manually-typed value <Set From Pattern>: In general, this option is not used. Sets the parameter to one of the following from an input pattern:  wild-card lex type Input File Value Value for parameter. <Back> Previous parameter. <Next> Next parameter. <Finish> Closes window with changes saved. <Cancel> Closes window without saving changes.

Search AppCall Usage

The Search AppCall Usage window (FIG. 107) is accessible exclusively through the right-click menu on the Components dockable window. This window allows the user to search for all uses of an AppCall and a particular associated parameter. This window has the following components.

Component Description Parameters List of all available parameters. <Set Parameter Value Choose from the following: Type> radio <Select From a Variable>: Sets selection parameter as a pre-assigned Variable <Select From a Record List>: Sets the parameter to a previously assigned Record List. <Type In a Value>: Sets the parameter to a manually-typed value <Set From Pattern>: Sets the parameter to one of the following from an input pattern:  wild-card lex type Input File Value Value for parameter. <Search> Searches for all Concepts and Units that use the AppCall with selected parameters. <Cancel> Closes window.

Response Blocks

Response Blocks are responses that are shared by multiple Units, which may or may not have other additional response features, such as AppCalls, Dynamic Functions, or Record Lists, which coincide. Response Blocks are also used when more control over the print order of the Unit is desired. They also provide a means of data-mining when combined with dynamic functions. Response Blocks may be added to both Concepts and Units by means of dragging and dropping them into the Response Blocks tab.

Response Blocks Dockable Window, shown in FIG. 108, has the following components.

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new Response Block. <Edit>: Opens selected Response Block for editing. <Delete>: Deletes selected Response Block. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts and Units in which selected Response Block appears. <Refresh>: Refreshes Response Blocks display <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigations Navigates between searches. Response Blocks Display of all available Response Blocks and their dynamic functions, listed thusly: Response Block Call item: Dynamic Function Call item: Variable  Call item: Url Call item: Clear Call item: Copy  Incomplete Response Block Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. Right-click menu This right-click menu contains the following:  →Add: Creates new Response Block.  →Edit: Opens selected Response Block for editing..  →Delete: Deletes selected Response Block from project.  →show Dependencies: Opens Show Dependencies window with selected Response Block.

The Response Block Editor window, shown in FIG. 109, includes the following components.

Component Description Name Name of Response Block. <Save>: Saves Response Block to project. Tabs The following tabs are found in Response Block Editor: Call Items: Tab that provides access to call items, such as Record Lists and dynamic functions. Response: plain text response or tagged statement.  Conditional Statement: Conditional statements. Text To Speech: add a particular Text-To-Speech file.

The following discussion describes aspects of the tabs of the Response Block Editor window.

Call Items are Record Lists, AppCalls, Variables, and dynamic functions that are used when the Response Block is called. Variables, AppCalls, and Record lists are set to the value listed here, similar to the Components tab in the Unit Editor. Call Items contains the following components:

Component Description Button Row The button row contains the following: <Add>: Adds new call item.  →copy Record List Request. <Edit>: Edits selected call item. <Delete>: Deletes selected call item. Call Items Display Display of all call items in Response Blocks.

Response allows the user to set a plain text and/or tagged response associated with the Response Block and includes the following components.

Component Description <Save> Saves response input. Response Either plain text or FPML response.

Conditional Statement allows the user to associate specific conditional statements with the Response Block and includes the following components.

Component Description <Add> Adds a new statement. <Save> Saves configuration. <Delete> Deletes statement. <Choose Type> radio selection Select one of the following: Build Dynamic Statement Type Static Statement Dynamic Statement This tab allows the user to construct a dynamic statement. It is only available if <Build Dynamic Statement> is selected. It contains the following: <Add New Match Condition>: Adds new match condition <Edit Match Conditions Edits selected match condition <Delete Match Condition>: Deletes selected match condition. Match Condition: Display of all match condition statements. Static Statement This tab allows the user to type a static statement, and is only available if the user selects <Type Static Statements

Text-To-Speech allows the user to select a specific Text-To-Speech File for the Response Block. Text-To-Speech includes the following components.

Component Description Current File Name of Text-To-Speech file <Browse> Opens Browse window to select a particular Text-To-Speech file. <Remove> Remove selected Text-To-Speech file. Status Displays load information about an added Text-To-Speech file.

Dynamic Functions

Dynamic functions serve as a means for profiling site users and running searches based upon ranges (such as “cameras between $100 and $200”). They are used in Call Items for Response Blocks. Each dynamic function must reside in its own cascade, which must bear the same name. This cascade must have leveling enabled. Dynamic functions has a dockable window as shown in FIG. 110 and includes the following components.

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Adds new dynamic function. <Edit>: Opens Dynamic Function Editor with selected dynamic function loaded. <Delete>: Deletes selected dynamic function. <Show Dependencies>: Shows all Concepts in which the selected dynamic function appears. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Refresh>: Reloads Dynamic Functions display list. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Dynamic Functions display Displays a list of all dynamic functions available, as well as the Concepts in which they appear, and the Record Lists ofwhich they are components. Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. Right-click menu This right-click menu contains the following:  → Add: Creates new Dynamic Function.  → Edit: Opens selected Dynamic Function for editing..  → Delete: Deletes selected Dynamic Function.  → View File: Opens Dynamic Function in Editor.  → show Dependencies: Opens Show Dependencies window with selected Dynamic Function.  → suggest Concepts: Searches for Concepts containing the Record List used by the Dynamic Function. If the Concept is not used by the Dynamic Function, it is suggested.  → show Applications: Shows all applications that use selected Dynamic Function.  → Generate Fpml For Function: Generates the FPML associated with the selected dynamic function.

A Dynamic Function Editor, shown in FIG. 111 is provided and includes the following components.

Component Description Name Text input field for the name of the Dynamic Function. Type Dropdown to assign a Cascade Group Type to the Dynamic Function will belong. There are four options: Dynamic Functions Best Match Dynamic Functions Match All Dynamic Functions Search and Replace Dynamic Functions Cascade Group The name of the Cascade Group that the Dynamic Function will belong. This is required to be identical to the Name. Lex File This field contains the following: <Load New Lex> Loads new Lex file. Lex file: Drop-down list to select lex file. Default is lex file associated with the open project. Pattern Override Selecting a Pattern Override will change the Position of the patterns in the Concepts only while the Dynamic Function is processed. The following Positions are available: None Beginning End Entire Print Order Where the Dynamic Function appears in load order. <Save> Saves dynamic function. <Cancel> Closes window without saving.

Managing Advanced Response Items

This section deals with managing the AppCalls, Response Blocks, and dynamic functions. AppCalls are found in Components. This sub-section deals with the procedures involved in creating, editing, and using AppCalls. Creating new app calls can be performed using the AppCall Editor shown in FIG. 112 using the following procedure:

-   -   1. In the Components dockable window, select the AppCalls         object.     -   2. Open the AppCall Editor window.     -   3. Enter a name for the AppCall in the Name field.     -   4. Select a Type from the drop-down list.     -   5. Select an Output Type from the drop-down list.     -   6. Enter a string of FPML in the Required Parameters field.     -   7. Click <Add>.     -   8. Repeat steps 6 & 7 as often as desired.     -   9. Click <Save>.

To edit AppCalls, perform the following procedure using the AppCall editor of FIG. 112:

-   -   1. Double-click on the desired AppCall in Components OR select         the desired AppCall and right-click on the desired AppCall and         select Edit from the right-click menu.     -   2. In AppCall Editor, double click on the desired required         parameter OR select the desired required parameter and click         <Edit> OR right-click the desired required parameter and select         Edit from the right-click menu.     -   3. Make any changes in the Required Parameters field and click         <Update> to replace the old required parameter OR click <Add> to         add the new form as an additional required parameter.     -   4. Repeat steps 2 & 3 as often as needed.     -   5. When finished, click <Close>.

To delete AppCalls, perform the following procedure using the editor of FIG. 112:

-   -   1. Select the desired AppCall in Components and click <Delete>         OR right-click on the desired AppCall and select Delete from the         right-click menu.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         AppCall OR click <Cancel> to close the dialogue without         deleting.

To create new response blocks, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Response Blocks, right-click in the window and select Add         from the right-click menu.     -   2. In Response Block Editor, enter a Name and click <Save>.     -   3. In Call Items, add any desired Dynamic Functions,

Record Lists, AppCalls, or Variables by dragging them from their respective dockable window. You may be prompted to set the value the item will have when the Response Block is triggered.

-   -   4. In Response, type in the desired response and click <Save>.     -   5. In Conditional Statement, click <Add>     -   6. Select <Build Dynamic Statement> or <Type Static Statement>.         -   a. If <Build Dynamic Statement> is selected, use the             following procedure:             -   1. Choose Concatenator from the drop-down list.             -   11. Click <Add>.             -   111. Set Variables for each operand in Match Condition.         -   b. If <Type Static Statement> is selected, use the following             procedure:             -   i. Type the desired static statement into the Static                 Statement tab.     -   7. In Text-To-Speech, select a particular Text-To-Speech by         clicking <Browse> if desired.

To edit response blocks, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Response Blocks, select the desired Response Block and         click <Edit> OR right-click on the desired Response Block and         select Edit from the right-click menu. Either of these will open         Response Block Editor.     -   2. Make any changes desired in Call Items, Response, Conditional         Statement, and Text-To-Speech desired.

To deleting response blocks, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Response Blocks, select the desired Response Block and         click <Delete>.     -   2. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the Response Block         OR click <No> to close the window without deleting the Response         Block.

To create new dynamic functions, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Dynamic Functions, click <Add>, opening Dynamic Function         Editor.     -   2. Enter a Name for the new dynamic function. The name entered         will be copied into Cascade Group automatically.     -   3. Select a Type from the drop-down menu.     -   4. Insure that the proper lex file is loaded.     -   5. Select a Pattern Override from the drop-down menu.     -   6. Select a Print Order.     -   7. Click <Save> to close Dynamic Function Editor and save the         dynamic function OR click <Cancel> to close the window without         saving.

To edit dynamic functions, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Dynamic Functions, select the desired dynamic function and         click <Edit> OR double click on the desired dynamic function OR         right-click on the desired dynamic function and select Edit from         the right-click menu.     -   2. Make any changes desired in Dynamic Function Editor to the         Name, Type, Lex File, Pattern Override, and Print Order.     -   3. Click <Save> when finished to close the window OR click         <cancel> to close the window without saving changes.

To delete dynamic functions, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Dynamic Functions select the desired item and click         <Delete> OR right-click on the desired dynamic function and         select Delete from the right-click menu.     -   2. In the Confirm Delete dialogue, click <Yes> to delete the         dynamic function or <No> to close the dialogue without deleting.

Using Advanced Response Items

Until they are placed in a Concept or Unit, advanced response items are just empty templates that do not actually contain any information, just the form. Like Variables, they must be assigned values in order to function properly.

To call AppCalls from a Concept or Unit, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Double-click on the desired Concept or Unit in the Concepts         or Units dockable window, respectively, to open it in the         appropriate tab.     -   2. In the Concept Editor or Unit Editor, select <Advanced View>.     -   3. Open the Components advanced tab.     -   4. Drag the desired AppCall from the Components dockable window         to the Components tab.     -   5. In Configure AppCall, select a Parameter Value Type the first         parameter.     -   6. Select a Value.     -   7. Click <Next>.     -   8. Repeat steps 5-7 for each parameter.     -   9. When finished, click <Finish> to close the window.

AppCalls may also be manually input into the response of a Unit in the Response tab.

To use response blocks in a concept or unit, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the desired Concept or Unit in its respective tab.     -   2. Select Advanced View.     -   3. Open Response Blocks.     -   4. Drag the desired Response Block from the dockable window to         the Concept or Unit.

Response Blocks can also be incorporated into the Concept or Unit by adding it to Wild Cards within any input patterns.

Dynamic Functions are added to Concepts and Units as part of Response Blocks, which are in turn added to Concepts and Units as described above. To add dynamic functions to a concept or unit, perform the following procedure:

-   -   1. Open the desired Response Block from Response Blocks.     -   2. Drag the desired Dynamic Function from its dockable window         into the Call Items tab of Response Block Editor.     -   3. Add the Response Block to the Concept or Unit using the         procedures described above.

Testing and Debugging

Testing and its sister function, debugging, are important elements of creating a successful project. To this end, this section will examine both the testing and debugging features of Active Lab.

Details of Tests

While tests for each Unit and Concept may be found in the respective tabs, it is also possible to view the tests for the entire project in a Tests Tab shown in FIG. 113. This tab displays the results for every single test in the project.

Unit tests are organized by Situation Group, while Concept tests are organized by Concept Group. Each Concept Group and Situation Group may be expanded to view its constituent parts, and each of these in turn may be expanded to view the individual test questions.

As with the tests in individual Units and Concepts, green circles represent success, yellow circles represent a test that did not run, and red circles indicate a failed test. If one test for one Unit or Concept shows up red, the status of the Unit or situation itself will show red, and will in turn lead to a red status for the Situation Group or Concept Group in which it appears. This status is also reflected on the project as a whole. Thus, if so much as one test question in one Concept in the entire project shows red, the entire project will be red. Put simply, the status of any group is only as good as that of its worst constituent.

The Tests Tab contains the following components.

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Run Tests>: Runs all tests. Note: In order to ensure that the tests are up-to-date, always force generate all FPMLfirst. <Reload Tests>: Reloads all tests. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Add>: Adds new test to selected Concept or Unit in Test Editor. <Edit>: Edits selected test question in Test Editor. <Delete>: Deletes selected test question. <Debug Question>: Sends selected question to Debugger. where match data may be viewed. <Set Question Active/Inactive>: Toggles question to active or inactive. Default is active. Inactive questions will not be tested, and therefore will not affect the over-all status of the Concept, Unit, or group. Icon shows when tests may not be up to date. Test Statistics This display shows the percentage passed, along with a ratio of Passed/Non Passed of all Units, Unit Tests, Concepts, and Concept Tests, respectively. Test Selection drop-down list Selection of tests. Allows user to narrow down the tests to be displayed or run. Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Back and Forward Navigation>:  Navigates between searches. Right-Click Menu The right-click menu will change based on whether a Unit, Concept, or test question is selected. In general, it contains the following options: Edit: Opens Test Editor. Delete Question: Deletes selected question. Debug Question: Opens Debugger tab and loads selected question into the debugger. Set Active/Inactive: Toggles status of selected test question between Active and InActive. Find Duplicates: Searches all tests for duplicate of selected question. Copy: Copies selected test question into Windows clipboard.

Test Editor, shown in FIG. 114, allows the user to add and edit test questions for a Unit or Concept without opening the respective tab associated with such. Test Editor contains the following components.

Component Description Questions This field contains the following: Display: List of test questions within the Concept or Unit. Text Input Field: Edit and add questions here. <Add>: Adds Questions input. <Update>: Saves Questions input changes. <Remove>: Removes selected question.

Details of Debugger

The Debugger enables you to validate the FPML to make sure it is syntactically correct. Syntax is only one part of creating FPML. The other is ensuring the right response and action is taken for the right input. The Debugger also allows you to see what response will be given for a given input. To further aid in testing and validating FPML, the Debugger allows entire input scripts to be run in order to verify comprehensive response results.

FIG. 115 illustrates the debugger tab which has the following components.

Component Description Chat Control This window allows the user to interact dockable window with the project. Its components are as follows: <Reload Debugger's FPML>. Reloads the FPML into the debugger, either the entire project, or just those files that have been altered. <Set/Clear Show Lex Types as Type>. When toggled, shows lex types in match data. Default is not toggled. Chat History display. Displays the interaction between user and Agent. Chat Here field. Allows the user to input questions to the Agent as if it were a live person. <Send to Chat> button. Sends input from Chat Here field. Match Data This tab displays the Vocab Terms, Concepts, and Units hit by the user's input in the Chat Here field. This following icons are also used: User Input: displays next to the original user input (also known as the Pre-processed string). Pre-Processed String: displays next to a processed string that will be sent to the next series of Cascades (also known as a Processed string). Hit Concept: Concept that has been triggered by the input. Lower Scoring Concept: Concept that was triggered, but has been eliminated from the Cascade because it did not score as high as another Concept that it was Best Matched with. Lower Scoring Unit: Unit that was triggered, but did not score high enough to give its response. Highest Scoring Unit: Unit that scored the highest, and whose response is therefore used. Score: Displays the score of the Concept or Unit that it is above it. Pattern: Displays the pattern that triggered the Concept or Unit above it. Static File Hit: Displays what line in a Static File that is triggered. This tab also has the following buttons: <Collapse All>: Collapses entire tree. <Expand All>: Expands entire tree. <Find Tied Scores>: Displays in red all scores that tied. <Copy Debug Data To Another PopUp>: Opens copy of Match Data tab in new window. App Calls This tab displays all the App Calls that were triggered from the user's input in the Chat Here field, along with their corresponding values. Brain Variables This tab shows the brain Variables triggered by the user's input in the Chat Here field, along with their corresponding value. Web Page This tab displays the web page that was triggered from the user's input in the Chat Here field. It also has the following displays: Web Sever Base Uri field: domain name or Url used to append Urls that written with only the relative path (or path not including a domain). <Save>: saves Web Server Base  Url FPML Page Variable: displays label of displayed web page. Click link to open Uri Editor. Current Web Page: displays path for displayed web page. Click link to open web page in new window. FPML Error Message This tab displays all FPML errors that have recently occurred. It also has one button: <Clear Error Message>: Clears the FPML Error Message tab. Load Data This tab displays the load status of all the FPML files in the database to ensure that they are available. Errors appear in red. Raw Match Data This tab displays the raw FPML code that is used to generate the Unit's response. Watch Variables This dockable window, normally hidden, displays a list of chosen Variables, as well as their current value. This window also has the following right-click menu:  → Add: Opens a text field to type the name of desired Variable.  → Edit: Edit the name of selected Variable  → Delete: Removes selected Variable from Watch Variables window.  → Clear All: Removes all Variables from the Watch Variables window.  → Copy Record Set Xml to Clipboard: Copies an Xml version of selected Record List to Window clipboard.

The Debugger is designed to allow users great flexibility in their testing and debugging processes. After a KB has been thoroughly debugged in Active Lab, it is recommended to also test it in the Active Agent application before using it live. The Debugger environment does not replicate the AppCalls, as they are defined in the application using the FPML.

Chat Control

The Chat Control dockable window, usually residing on the left hand side of the Debugger tab, is used to directly ask questions to the Agent.

Anything entered into the Chat Here window will be processed by Active Lab. The response will be displayed in the Chat History window directly above it. The processes that occur to receive that response are displayed in the variety of tabs that appear in the Debugger.

Note: Any time that “Send To Debugger” is selected elsewhere in Active Lab, the Debugger tab is opened and the selected test question in entered into the Chat Here field and processed.

The Match Data Tab

Match Data, as described above, displays the procedure used by the project to trigger the Unit. More specifically, it shows how the pre-processed string is converted into Vocab and Helper Terms, which Concepts are triggered by the Vocab and Helper Terms, then which Units are then triggered by those Concepts.

Here is a breakdown of the pieces of the Match Data:

-   -   The User Input entry displays the natural language form of the         user's input, also known as the Pre-processed string.     -   The first Pre-Processed String entry shows the string after it         has been processed through the Vocab cascades, but before it is         sent to the Concept cascades.     -   All Concepts that are triggered by the first Modified String         will be displayed as a Concept Hit or as a Lower Scoring         Concept. The Score of the Concept listed, as well as what         pattern triggered it.     -   Multiple Pre-Processed String entries will show the string as it         is processed through all the Concept cascades, but before it is         sent to the Unit cascades. Vocab and Helper Terms are still         displayed, and now Concepts are displayed as {cp Concept Name         cp}.     -   The Highest Scoring Unit, along with any other Lower Scoring         Units, are the last items displayed at the bottom of the Match         Data tab. The score for each Unit that was triggered is         displayed, along with which pattern triggered the Unit.     -   When no Unit is triggered, the processed string is handled by         FPML that is hand written in Static Files. The Static File Hit         will list which line within the listed static file was hit.

Note: In case of a tie, the Unit that was triggered last will be listed as the Highest Scoring Unit. In case of a tie between Concepts that are in a Best Match cascade, the Concept that was triggered last will be listed as a Concept Hit.

FIG. 116 shows an example of Match Data. Here you can see how the User Input string “what is your favorite food” is converted into the Vocab and Helper Terms “askwhat your favoritevocab foodvocab”. The Concepts that are triggered are Define, Dining, Favorite, and Favorite Food. Two Units were triggered, Inflight Meals, and Favorite Food. The response that is delivered comes from the Unit that scored the highest, which in this case is Favorite Food.

The App Calls tab

The App Calls tab, shown in FIG. 117, displays the information on any AppCalls triggered by the Unit or Concept. It is important to note that while the information may be displayed, the Debugger does not actually perform the AppCall operation in question.

The Brain Variables Tab

The Brain Variables tab, shown in FIG. 118, displays information on the processes occurring within the program's Context IQ Engine, or “brain”, as well as the current value of all Variables after a question has been asked in the Debugger.

Right-click on any Variable and select Add Watch to add selected Variable to the Watch Variables window.

The Web Page Tab

The Web Page tab, shown in FIG. 119, displays which web page was triggered by the Unit Response, along with the Urllabel and a link to that page.

The Fpml Error Messages Tab

The Fpml Error Messages tab, shown in FIG. 120, shows errors that have occurred in the FPML, along with when they occurred. This screen can be cleared by clicking on the <Clear Error Message> Button.

The Load Data Tab

The Load Data tab, shown in FIG. 121, displays the loading process of all the FPML involved in the Unit. Files that did not load properly are displayed in a prominent color, such as red.

Each entry in the Load Data tab displays consists of an action and a file path. Common actions include: Loading, Learning, and IRDLL. Each *.FPML file that is loaded correctly will be listed in black, and errors will be listed in red.

The Raw Match Data Tab

The Raw Match Data tab, shown in FIG. 122, shows exactly how the Pre-processed string is handled all the way to the output that is displayed back to the user. This tab shows the actual FPML code as it processes the input string through each cascade and static file.

Watch Variables Dockable Window

The Watch Variables window, shown in FIG. 123, is used, literally, to watch the value of any number of selected Variables. Any time the value of a Variable changes, that change will immediately be seen in this window.

Variables can be easily added or removed from Watch Variables, using the available right-click menu.

Viewing Dependencies

One of the most powerful tools to track down problems is the Dependencies window shown in FIG. 124. A Dependency is a list of all items in the project that use the selected item. For example, if <Show Dependencies> was selected from a Concept, all Units and Building Blocks that used that Concept would be displayed in the Dependencies window. If <Show Dependencies> was selected from a Vocab, all Concepts and Building Blocks that used that Vocab would be displayed.

The Dependency window can be opened by selecting a particular item and choosing <Show Dependencies> from many of the Button Bars. It is also available on many different right-click menus.

Displayed in FIG. 124 is the Dependencies window. In this image, the dependencies for the Concept “Benefits” has been found. The Units that use the Concept “Benefits” are listed here, as well as the patterns within those Units that use the Concept.

The Dependencies window has the following components:

Component Description Replace Usage checkbox Check to view Drag/Drop Replacement field and view a check box next to each item in Dependencies. Drag/Drop Replacement field Drag and Drop one item that will replace all checked items in the Dependencies Display Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Edit>: Opens selected items Editor window. <Delete Item And Ignore All Dependencies>: Deletes selected regardless if it has dependencies. <Refresh>: Refreshes display and collapses entire tree. <Show Dependencies>: Show dependencies of selected item. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Create Tests From Units/Concepts>: Opens Tests tab with only tests that are used for the Units and Concepts currently in the Dependencies window. <Show In Main Tree>: Highlights selected item in its corresponding dockable window. <Replace>: Replaces the searched item with the item in the Drag/Drop Replacement field if selected line is checked. Dependencies Display Displays all dependencies for searched item in a tree format, including all patterns that use the searched item. Check boxes will only appear if Replace Usage checkbox is selected.

Testing Conditions

The Test Conditions dockable window, shown in FIG. 125, is used to artificially assign the value of Variables of Record Lists for the purposes of testing.

There are two Test Conditions that can be set to Variables and Record Lists: Pre-Conditions and Post-Conditions. These conditions are then assigned to any number of test questions.

When a Pre-Condition and inserted into a test question, the value of the condition is set just prior to the test question being run. When a Post-Condition is set into a test question, the value of the condition is set just after the test question is run.

Test Conditions contains the following components:

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Opens Create new Pre/Post Condition window. <Edit>: Open Edit window to edit test conditions. <Delete>: Deletes selected test condition. <Show Dependencies>: Currently has no effect. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Refresh>: Reloads Test Conditions Display. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Test Conditions Display The Display shows the different test condition in tree format: Pre-Condition Post Condition

Create/Edit New Pre/Post-Condition

Creating and editing pre and post conditions is completed using three different windows, an example of which is shown in FIG. 126, all with identical functionality:

-   -   Create New Pre-Condition     -   Create New Post-Condition     -   Edit

Edit contains the following components:

Component Description Name This field has two components: Text Field: Location of the name of the condition <Save>: Saves the name of the condition. Values Values has two components: <Delete>: Deletes selected Variable or Record List from condition. Values Display: Shows values set for all Variables and Record Lists for the condition. Set Value To Display This Display will show differently if a Variable or Record List has been selected in Values. If a Variable has been selected, the display has the following components: Text Field: Value of the Variable or Record list is set here. <Save>: Save value of Variable or Record List <Cancel>: Do not save value of Variable or Record List. <Close>: Closes the window. If a Record list has been selected, the display has the following components: Index Value: Determines Load Order of the Test Condition. Parameter: Lists name of the parameter being edited. Radio Buttons Set Text Value: Sets the value of the Variable to the value listed in the Text Field below. Set Variable: Sets the value of the Variable to one selected from the dropdown below. <Save>: Saves the value of the Record List parameter. <Cancel>: Does not save the value of the Record List parameter. <Close>: Closes the window.

Managing Tests and Debugger

This section deals with the procedures involved in testing and debugging.

Managing Tests

This sub-section deals with adding new test questions, editing existing test questions, and running tests.

Adding New Test Questions

In addition, new test questions may be added in Tests. To add a new test question, use the following procedure in connection with the window shown in FIG. 127:

-   -   1. In Tests, select the desired Unit or Concept to which the new         question will be added.     -   2. Click <Add> to open Test Editor.     -   3. In Test Editor, type the desired test question in Question.     -   4. Click <Add>     -   5. Repeat steps 3 & 4 as often as desired.     -   6. When finished, click <Close>.

Editing Test Questions

Test questions may be edited in Test Editor or in Concept Editor or Unit Editor, respectively. The following is the procedure for editing a test found in Tests in its appropriate tab:

-   -   1. Double click on the desired test question. The appropriate         Unit Editor or Concept Editor tab will open.     -   2. Follow the procedures for editing a test questions as         described in Concepts—Adding Questions or Units—     -   3. Adding Questions.

To edit test questions in Test Editor, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Tests, select the desired test question and click <Edit>         OR double-click on the desired test question. This will open         Test Editor with the test questions for the selected Unit or         Concept loaded.     -   2. Make any changes desired to the selected test question and         click <Update>.     -   3. When finished, click <Close>.

Deleting Test Questions

To delete a test question in Tests, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired test question and click <Delete> OR         right-click on the desired test question and select Delete from         the right-click menu.     -   2. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the test question OR         click <No> to close the window without deleting.

To delete a test question in Test Editor, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Select the desired test question in Tests and click <Edit> OR         double-click on the desired test question; either of these         methods will open the test question in Test Editor.     -   2. Ensure that the test question is selected and click <Remove>.     -   3. In Confirm Delete, click <Yes> to delete the test question OR         click <No> to close the window without deleting the test         question.

Running Tests

To run tests in Tests, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. Ensure that all FPML is up-to-date by selecting <Generate         FPML (Changes Only)> OR <Generate All FPML>. Select the tests to         be run from Test Selection.     -   2. Click <Run Tests>. This may take a while     -   3. Examine the results.

Debugging Questions

After examining the test results, it is important to examine the causes of any failures that might have cropped up. To debug a question (particularly a failed question), use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Tests, select the desired test question and click <Debug         Test Question> OR right-click on the desired test question and         select Debug Question from the right-click menu.     -   2. In Debugger, examine results.

Debugging

This sub-section deals specifically with the procedures involved in debugging Units and Concepts.

Manual Debugging Procedures

Manual debugging is useful for running scripts through the FPML. To manually debug a project, use the following procedure:

-   -   1. In Debugger, type an input into Chat Here.     -   2. View the response in Chat History.     -   3. Examine results in Match Data, App Calls, Brain Variables,         Web Page, FPML Error Messages, LoadData, and Raw Match Data.

Debugging from Outside the Debugger

To debug any question automatically from outside the Debugger, simply right-click on the test question and select Debug Question. This will have the same effect as typing the question into the Debugger directly.

Dependencies

This sub-section shows the different uses of the Dependencies window.

Find Dependency

There are two ways to find the dependencies on an item:

-   -   Right-click on selected item and choose show Dependencies.     -   Highlight the selected item and choose <Show Dependencies>

Replace Usage

To replace either one item or a large group of a selected item with another, follow this procedure.

-   -   1. Select item to be replaced by right clicking and choosing         show Dependencies OR by choosing <Show Dependencies> from the         Button Bar. This will open the Dependencies window.     -   2. Check Replace Usage checkbox in Dependencies.     -   3. Drag replacement item into Drag/Drop Replacement field.     -   4. Check all boxes in Dependencies Display that have the         searched for item that will be replaced. Note: Checking an item         higher in the tree will check all items that are included in         that branch.     -   5. Click <Replace>. The searched item will be replaced with the         replacement item.

Test Conditions

This sub-section will describe the creation, editing, and use of Test Conditions.

Creating Test Conditions

The steps for creating both Pre and Post Condition are the same:

-   -   1. Open the Test Conditions dockable window.     -   2. Highlight either Pre-Conditions or Post-Conditions, depending         on which will be created.     -   3. Select <Add> OR right-click→Add. Create New Pre/Post         Condition will open.     -   4. Type desired Name and press <Enter> or <Save>. The name of         the window will change to Edit followed by the name of the Test         Condition.     -   5. Drag desired Variable or Record List into Values Display from         Components dockable window. The Set Value To Display will         activate. Repeat for all Variables and Record Lists desired for         selected     -   6. Click <Expand> to view Variables and/or Record Lists.     -   7. Highlight the first Variable or Record List item.     -   8. Click <Save>.     -   9. Change Set Value Display to the desired value of the Variable         or Record List. Repeat steps 5-8 for each Variable and Record         List.     -   10. Click <Close>.

Editing Test Conditions

The steps for creating both Pre and Post Condition are the same:

-   -   1. Open the Test Conditions dockable window.     -   2. Double click on chosen Pre/Post Condition OR highlight chosen         Pre/Post Condition and click <Edit>.     -   3. Edit Name field and press <Enter> or click <Save>.     -   4. Click <Expand> to view Variables or Record Lists used by the         test condition.     -   5. Left-click once to bring up a Variable or Record List         parameter in the Set Value To display.     -   6. Edit Set Value To display as desired. Repeat steps 5 and 6 as         many times as needed.     -   7. Click <Save>.     -   8. Click <Close>.

Deleting Test Conditions

The steps for deleting both Pre and Post Condition are the same:

-   -   1. Open the Test Conditions dockable window.     -   2. Click on chosen Pre/Post Condition and click <Delete OR         highlight chosen Pre/Post Condition and right-click→Delete.

Adding a Test Condition to a Test Question

Once a Test Condition has been created, it can be linked with any number of test questions:

-   -   1. Open the Tests tab in either the Concept Editor or the Unit         Editor.     -   2. Open the Test Conditions dockable window.     -   3. Drag selected Test Condition from the Test Conditions         dockable window to the desired test question in the Tests tab. A         window will pop up prompting whether to add the Test Condition         to all tests for the Unit/Concept.     -   4. Select <Yes> or <No> in the pop-up.

Removing a Test Condition from a Test Question

To remove a Test Condition from a test question, follow this procedure:

-   -   1. Open the Tests tab in either the Concept Editor or the Unit         Editor     -   2. Highlight the name of the test condition and click <Delete>         or right-click on the name of the test condition and         select→Delete.

Static Files and Editor

The Editor tab allows the user to view and interact with the raw FPML code of static files and lex files that forms the basis of all of Active Lab's operations.

The Editor tab, shown in FIG. 128, has the following components:

Component Description Button Bar The button bar contains the following: <New>: Starts a new *.fpml file. <Open>: Opens an existing <Save>: Saves the currently open *.fpml file. <Cut>: Removes selected text from the currently open *.fpml file. <Copy>: Copies selected text from the currently open *.fpml file to the clipboard. <Paste>: Inserts copied text from the clipboard into the currently open *.fpml file at a selected location. <Search>: Allows the user to search the currently open *.fpml file for text. Editor Text field displays the text of an *.fpml file, and allows the user to edit it as desired.

Using Editor

The Editor can be used in the same manner as other text editors. There are also customizable shortcuts which can be configured in the shortcuts.xml file located in the directory with Active Lab.

Static Files

Static Files are FPML files created manually using either a standard text editor or Active Lab's Editor tab. They allow the user to create custom

FPML functions beyond Active Lab's capabilities should such a need arise. Static files must be created manually outside of the lab and then imported into the database using the Static Files dockable window.

Lex Files

Lex Files are instrumental to the proper function of a project, and as such should generally be left alone by the user. The user may view and edit Lex files through the Editor tab, though this is not generally recommended for most users.

Change Request

While change requests do not directly affect the functioning of a project, they represent a way for the user to view feedback from other users regarding the construction of the project. In this regard, they can be quite useful in the process of fine-tuning the components of a project.

Because all of these change requests pertain to Units, they may be accessed through their respective Units or through Change Requests. This dockable window contains the components illustrated in FIG. 129 and described in the table below.

Change request management occurs primarily within the dockable window of the same name. The right-click menu allows the user to go directly to the Unit in question and make any changes. Change requests may not be deleted, as they serve as a record of the changes made to the project.

There are six types of change requests:

-   -   Create New Unit Requests     -   Change Response Request     -   Url Change Request     -   Add Test Question Request     -   Wrong Response     -   WrongUL

Component Description Button bar The button bar contains the following: <Add>: Add new Request Group. <Edit>: Edit Request Group. <Delete>: Deletes selected Request Group. <Show Dependencies>: Currently has no effect. <New Window>: Opens copy of current window. <Refresh>: Reloads Change Request display list. <Collapse All> Collapses entire tree. <Expand All> Expands entire tree. <Back and Forward Navigation>: Navigates between searches. Filters Select the filters used to find current change requests. This field contains the following dropdowns: Content Management System: Select appropriate Content Management System Change Request Groups: Select from available groups. Status: Select status of change requests to view:  All Pending  Assigned Group By: Select how the display will organize the change requests: (none): No organization. Group By User Group By Unit Group By Situation Change Requests display Displays change requests in tree view, organized by type: Create New Unit Requests Change Response Request Url Change Request Add Test Question Request Wrong Response WrongURL Search Tree This field contains the following: Input Text Field: Searches cascades for specific text. <Search>: Executes search. <Search Options>: Opens Search Options window. Whole Word Only Checkbox: Limits search to complete word matches. Right-Click Menu The following right-click menu only applies to the change request item: → View Details: Opens corresponding request window. → Accept Change: Accept change request. Item will now appear as regular item in Active Lab

Create New Unit Request

New Unit request can be edited, changed, and implemented in the Create New Unit Requests window. This window is broken up into two tabs: the Create Unit Request tab, which shows all the parameters for the Unit; and the Request Information tab, which shows history, comments, and the option to ignore the request.

FIG. 130 illustrates the Change Unit Request tab which includes the following components:

Component Description Situation Dropdown that chooses the Situation Group for the new Unit. Label Text Field that displays the name of the Unit. Response Text field where the Unit's response is written. Url This field contains the following: <Edit Url>: Opens Uri Editor with current Urlloaded. <Remove All Url Items>: Removes Url from response. <Show In Tree>: Shows current Url in Uri dockable window. <Add>: Opens two new fields for the purpose of creating a new Url: Uri: New Url name field. Label: New Url Label field. <Save>: Saves new Url. Only available through <Add> button. Uri: displays path for response. Label: displays label ofUrl for response. Auto Navigate To URL checkbox: When selected, the Unit's triggered response automatically redirects to the selected URL. Drop-down list: list of all available URLs for the response. Questions Text field where test questions are listed. Note: Only use one test question per line. <Create Unit> Creates the Unit in appropriate Situation Group.

The Request Information tab is shown in FIG. 131 and includes the following components:

Component Description Request Group dropdown Choose from available pre-set group that created the request. Request Information Field displays all information relating to  the Unit, including: Request Information Display, which includes: Response  URI Questions Requesting User Request Date Brain UID  User Input Current Status Recommend Status  Unit ID Comments <Show Unit>: Highlights Unit in Units dockable window. <Show History>: Shows Request  History for the change  request. Comments This field has two components: Text Field: New comments are typed here. <Save Comments>: Saves new comments. <Mark As Complete> Marks the change request as completed outside of the change request. <Recommend Ignore> Marks the change request as ignored. <Notify Unit Deleted> Notifies Content Management System that the Unit is deleted. <Cancel> Closes the window making no changes.

The Response Change Request window, illustrated in FIG. 132, is used to edit, implement, or ignore requests to change the response of a Unit and includes the following components.

Component Description Requested Response This field contains two components: Text Field: New response is listed here. <Change Unit Response>: Changes the response of the Unit to the one listed in the above text field. Request Group dropdown Choose from available pre-set group that created the request. Request Information Field displays all information relating to the Unit, including: Request Information Display, which includes:  Unit Label Requested Response Old Response Old URI Old Unit Label Is Approval Required Requesting User Request Date Brain UID  User Input Current Status Recommend Status  Unit ID Comments <Show Unit>: Highlights Unit  in Units dockable window. <Show History>: Shows Request History for the change request. Comments This field has two components: Text Field: New comments are typed here. <Save Comments>: Saves new comments. <Mark As Complete> Marks the change request as completed outside of the change request. <Recommend Ignore> Marks the change request as ignored. <Notify Unit Deleted> Notifies Content Management System that the Unit is deleted. <Cancel> Closes the window making no changes.

Url Change Request

The Url Change Request window, illustrated in FIG. 133, is used to edit and accept Url change requests and includes the following components.

Component Description Requested Url This field contains the following: <Edit Url>: Opens Url Editor with current Url loaded. <Remove All Url Items>: Removes Url from response. <Show In Tree>: Shows current Url in Url dockable window. <Add>: Opens two new fields for the purpose of creating a new Url: Uri: New Url name field. Label: New Url Label field <Save>: Saves new Url. Only available through <Add> button. Uri: displays path for response. Label: displays label ofUrl for response. Auto Navigate To URL checkbox: When selected, the Unit's triggered response automatically redirects to the selected URL. Drop-down list: list of all available URLs for the response. <Accept Requested Url Changes the Url to the one listed in the Request Url field. Current Uri/No Current Field visible only ifUrl exists for the URL Exists Unit. Contains identical options as Requested Url field. Request Group dropdown Choose from available pre-set group that created the request. Request Information Field displays all information relating to  the Unit, including: Request Information Display, which includes:  Unit Label Requested Uri Old Response Old URI Old Unit Label Is Approval Required Requesting User Request Date Brain UID  User Input Current Status Recommend Status  Unit ID Comments <Show Unit>: Highlights Unit in Units dockable window.  <Show History>: Shows Request History for the change  request. Comments This field has two components: Text Field: New comments are typed here. <Save Comments>: Saves new comments.

Add Question To Unit Request

The Add Question To Unit Request window, illustrated in FIG. 134, is used to edit and accept test questions that will be added to the corresponding Unit and includes the following components.

Component Description Add Question This field contains the following: Text Field: Test question is listed here. <Add Question>: Adds question in Add Question field to the Unit listed in the Request Information field. Request Information Field displays all information relating to  the Unit, including: Request Information Display, which includes: Response  URI Questions Requesting User Request Date Brain UID  User Input Current Status Recommend Status  Unit ID Comments <Show Unit>: Highlights Unit in Units dockable window. History for the change request. Comments This field has two components: Text Field: New comments are typed here. <Save Comments>: Saves new comments. <Mark As Complete> Marks the change request as completed outside of the change request. <Recommend Ignore> Marks the change request as ignored. <Notify Unit Deleted> Notifies Content Management System that the Unit is deleted. <Cancel> Closes the window making no changes.

Wrong Response/Wrong Url

The Request Details window, illustrated in FIG. 135, is used to view Wrong Responses and Wrong Url change requests and includes the following components. This window does not have the functionality to change Units, however it can mark whether a response has been changed.

Component Description Request Information Field displays all information relating to  the Unit, including: Request Information Display, which includes: Response  URI Questions Requesting User Request Date Brain UID  User Input Current Status Recommend Status  Unit ID Comments <Show Unit>: Highlights Unit in Units dockable window.  <Show History>: Shows  Request History for the change  request. Comments This field has two components: Text Field: New comments are typed here. <Save Comments>: Saves new comments. <Mark As Complete> Marks the change request as completed outside of the change request. <Recommend Ignore> Marks the change request as ignored. <Notify Unit Deleted> Notifies Content Management System that the Unit is deleted. <Cancel> Closes the window making no changes.

Example System

FIG. 136 illustrates an example system in accordance with one or more embodiments. Here, the system includes a computing device 1360 that can be any suitable computing device such as a desktop device, laptop, handheld computing device and the like. In this example, computing device 1360 includes one or more processors 1362 and one or more computer-readable storage media 1364. Media 1364 can comprise any suitable storage media such as ROM, RAM, a hard disk, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media and the like.

In one or more embodiments, computer-readable instructions reside on the computer-readable media and implement the functionality described above. Such functionality can reside in the form of an application referred to as Active Lab 1366. Active Lab 1366 can present the various user interfaces described above and can implement the described functionality.

CONCLUSION

Various embodiments provide a tool, referred to herein as “Active Lab” that can be used to develop, debug, and maintain knowledge bases. These knowledge bases (KBs) can then engage various applications, technology, and communications protocols for the purpose of task automation, real time alerting, system integration, knowledge acquisition, and various forms of peer influence.

In at least some embodiments, a KB is used as a virtual assistant that any real person can interact with using their own natural language. The KB can then respond and react however the user wants: answering questions, activating applications, or responding to actions on a web page.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: causing a virtual assistant to be presented to enable a conversation between a user and the virtual assistant; receiving user input during the conversation; processing the user input to identify one or more concepts of the user input, each of the one or more concepts comprising a pattern of components; identifying one or more contextual values related to at least one of the conversation or a system that at least partly implements the virtual assistant; determining a response for the user input based at least in part on the one or more concepts of the user input and the one or more contextual values; and causing the response to be presented to the user in real-time via the virtual assistant.
 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 21, wherein the one or more contextual values include information related to activity of the user on a site.
 23. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 21, wherein the one or more contextual values include previous user input from the user during the conversation.
 24. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 21, wherein the one or more contextual values include at least one of: a name of the user; an email address; an IP address; a credit card number; or a gender of the user.
 25. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 21, wherein the components of the pattern each include at least one of: one or more vocab terms comprising a grouping of at least one of one or more unambiguous synonyms of a word in the user input or one or more spelling variations of the word in the user input; one or more helper terms comprising one or more words in the user input that have no unambiguous synonyms; or one or more wildcards that each function as a placeholder for a word or words.
 26. A method comprising: causing a virtual assistant to carry out a conversation with a user; determining, by a system that is at least partly implemented by a human-trained algorithm, an intent of the user; determining, by the system that is at least partly implemented by the human-trained algorithm, a task based at least in part on the intent of the user; and causing the task to be performed at least in part by the virtual assistant.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the intent of the user comprises determining one or more concepts that are associated with user input that is received during the conversation.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the user input comprises natural language input.
 29. The method of claim 26, further comprising: capturing information from a previous conversation between the user and the virtual assistant; wherein the intent of the user is determined based at least in part on the information from the previous conversation between the user and the virtual assistant.
 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising: identifying one or more values related to at least one of the conversation or the system that is at least partly implemented by the human-trained algorithm; wherein the intent of the user is determined based at least in part on the one or more values.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the one or more values include at least one of: a name of the user; an email address; an IP address; a credit card number; or a gender of the user.
 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the task comprises at least one of: outputting content to the user; causing an action be performed by an application that is external to the system; or providing access to a web page.
 33. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of claim
 26. 34. A system comprising: one or more processors; and memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: causing a virtual assistant to carry out a conversation with a user; receiving user input during the conversation; determining one or more concepts for the user input; determining a task based at least in part on the one or more concepts and one or more values, the one or more values being related to at least one of the conversation or the system; and causing the task to be performed at least in part by the virtual assistant.
 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the task comprises providing content to the user.
 36. The system of claim 34, wherein the task comprises calling an external application and passing one or more parameters to the external application.
 37. The system of claim 34, wherein the task comprises accessing a web page.
 38. The system of claim 34, wherein the one or more values include at least one of: information related to activity of the user on a site; or previous user input from the user during the conversation.
 39. The system of claim 34, wherein the one or more values include at least one of: a name of the user; an email address; an IP address; a credit card number; or a gender of the user.
 40. The system of claim 34, wherein the one or more concepts for the user input are determined at least in part by a human-trained algorithm.
 41. A device comprising: one or more processors; a display device communicatively coupled to one or more processors and configured to display information representing a virtual assistant; a communication component communicatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to communicate with a remote service to facilitate a conversation with a user, the communication component being configured to: send user input to the remote service for processing; and receive a response for the user input; and a module executable by the one or more processors to cause the virtual assistant to output the response.
 42. The device of claim 41, wherein the response is based at least in part on one or more values that are related to the conversation.
 43. The device of claim 42, wherein the one or more values include at least one of: a name of the user; an email address; an IP address; a credit card number; or a gender of the user. 